香港中小學教科書公民教育內涵之分析

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2003

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香港在政治上回歸中國的處境,帶來了港人公民身份的改變,也讓公民教育在香港成為重要的議題。殖民地時期的教育不重視民主社會的公民參與能力的培育,但「一國兩制」、「港人治港」的政治設計,需要積極、有效能的香港公民來加以落實。因此特區政府在回歸前後提出了一系列的教育目標,修改各科的課程大綱,勾勒出未來的香港公民的形貌。 本研究之主要目的即在瞭解香港中小學公民教育的內涵以及問題。論文之發展軸線,一是以文獻回顧,理解香港公民教育的社會背景、發展與問題,以及港人對於公民教育內涵的爭論、困境與願景;二是透過內容分析法,蒐集目前香港中小學(小一至中五)所使用的相關教科書,分析文本中的公民教育內涵。 本研究對於香港公民教育有如下的結論: 一、香港公民教育的面貌 香港對公民教育較過去更為重視,《學校公民教育指引》的公布成為學校推動的指導原則,所採用的教材內容有助於香港中小學生瞭解香港社會,鼓勵學生願意與政府配合。整體來說,公民教育雖然受到政治力量的影響,但仍有不錯表現。 二、香港中小學教科書的特點 香港政府對於教科書中的「學」與「教」非常重視,顯示了教科書在香港的學校教育中仍然扮演重要角色。從物理層面來說,本研究所分析的香港中小學教科書的外貌精美、激發學生閱讀興趣、照顧學生閱讀的便利;從內容層面來說,香港中小學教科書的內容與輔助教材豐富,有錄音帶、學習光碟、地圖集、學習網站,學生能夠從中學會對自己有幫助的學習策略等,是香港中小學教科書的特點。 三、香港中小學教科書的公民教育內容分析 公民教育的養成端賴常識、經公與政公科。根據本研究的結果,社會知識、價值德行與參與能力三個層面中,以參與能力的內容佔比例較高。其中社會知識的培養以經濟知識最為完整,價值德行多為社會所認可、較不特殊,參與能力旨在讓學生瞭解政府運作,願意與政府配合,顯得被動。 基於研究發現,本研究分別針對香港公民教育,香港中小學教科書之發展,以及對臺灣公民教育之啟示等提出建議事項.最後,本研究並且提出後續研究之建議。 關鍵字:公民教育、教科書分析、香港教育
The political situation of Hong Kong recovered sovereignty to People’s Republic of China, which brought the change of HongKongers’ citizenship, and let the citizenship education turn into an important topic for discussion. In the last decade, Hong Kong government made a series of change in identifying educational goals, modifying the course guidelines, and mapping out the Hong Kong’s citizenship figure in the future. The purpose of this study is to explore the contents and problems of primary and secondary citizenship education in Hong Kong. Literature review and content analysis were employed to conduct the research. The major findings of this study were in three fold. First, Hong Kong values citizenship education after the promulgation of “Guidelines on Civic Education in Schools”. Students are encouraged to behave well and abide by government regulation. Although there is a lot of struggling of political powers, the citizenship education makes decent jobs. Second, two advantages of Hong Kong textbooks should be mentioned. Firstly, splendid look, learner interests provocative design, and high readability makes Hong Kong textbooks very friendly to students. Secondly, Hong Kong textbooks contain rich learning materials, such as tapes, compact disks, atlas, web sites, students can learn their learning strategies within textbooks. Third, General Studies, Economics and Public Affairs, Governments and Public Affairs are the main conduit of citizenship education. The ability of “citizen participation” is included more than “social knowledge “ and “citizen virtue” in the textbooks. The cultivation of economic knowledge is the most complete part in “social knowledge”, the contents of cultivation of “citizen virtue” are mostly socially agreeable, not special, but the ability of “citizen participation” aims to familiarize students with functions of governments, and to be cooperative, and passive. Suggestions for Hong Kong citizenship education, Hong Kong primary and secondary textbook development, Taiwan citizenship education and further studies were described in the last chapter in this thesis.

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公民教育, 教科書分析, 香港教育, Citizenship education, Textbook content analysis, Hong Kong education

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