臺灣北區結核病病人社會支持、自我效能與生活品質之相關因素探討

Abstract

結核病和一般傳染病不同，其初期症狀及接受臨床治療的時間皆因人而異，本研究主要目的為探討結核病人社會支持、自我效能與生活品質之相關因素，進而瞭解三個主要變項的相關性。 本研究所指研究對象為2019年北區桃園市、新竹市、新竹縣、苗栗縣四縣市，經醫師診斷確診為結核病，並通報於衛生福利部疾病管制署的「結核病追蹤管理系統」資料庫立案，接受治療且服藥中的個案912人為研究母群體，獲得有效問卷285份，回收率97.6%，主要研究結果如下： 一、研究對象的社會支持、自我效能及生活品質平均得分均屬中上程度。 二、研究對象的教育程度、家庭月收入與社會支持呈顯著差異。 三、研究對象的教育程度、家庭月收入、職業、居住地、有無慢性病及有無罹患結核病後擔心的事情與自我效能、生活品質呈顯著差異。 四、研究對象的社會支持及其四個來源、自我效能與生活品質間有顯著相關，表示社會支持及自我效能越好，生活品質也越好。 五、研究對象的社會支持、自我效能對生活品質為最重要的預測因子，可解釋總變異量的47%。Tuberculosis is different from general infectious diseases. The initial symptoms and the duration of clinical treatment vary from person to person. The main purpose of this study is to explore the related factors of social support, self-efficacy and quality of life of tuberculosis patients, and to understand the correlations among these main variables. The object of this study refers to the patients diagnosed as tuberculosis in the cities and counties including Taoyuan City, Hsinchu City, Hsinchu County and Miaoli County in the Northern District of Taiwan in 2019, and informed to the"TB database of Tracking Management System" of the Department of Disease Control of Ministry of Health and Welfare. There were 912 cases receiving treatment and taking medicine as research population, 285 valid questionnaires were obtained, and the recovery rate was 97.6%. The main findings are as follows: 1.The average score of social support, self-efficacy and quality of life among subjects is moderate-above level. 2.Among the personal background variables including education level and family monthly revenue, there are significant differences in social support; there are significant differences in social support. 3.Among the personal background variables including education level, monthly household income, occupation, residence, chronic disease and no worries after developing TB, there are significant differences in self efficacy and quality of life. 4.There are significant correlation among the social support and its four sources of the subjects, self-efficacy and quality of life, indicating that the better the social support and self-efficacy, the better the quality of life. 5.The social support and self-efficacy of the subjects are the most important predictors of quality of life, which explained 47% of the total variation.