中老年人正念傾向對身體活動量之預測-以運動自我效能為中介變項

Abstract

臺灣65歲以上人口占比預估將達到20%，即將正式邁入超高齡社會。近年來，世界衛生組織 (WHO) 日益強調「健康老化」的重要性，而身體活動被視為其中關鍵因素之一。因此，探索促進身體活動的心理因子成為一項重要課題。正念近年來在心理學領域受到高度關注，研究亦發現正念與身體活動量呈正相關 (Schneider et al., 2018)。然而，正念如何預測身體活動的心理歷程尚待釐清。因此，本研究旨在探討正念傾向對中老年人身體活動量的預測效果，並進一步檢驗運動自我效能的中介角色。本研究透過網路問卷進行資料蒐集，並採用滾雪球抽樣法，共招募548位中老年人。在取得研究參與者的知情同意後，完成「止觀覺察注意量表」、「運動自我效能量表」以及「國際身體活動量表臺灣中文版短版問卷」之填答。本研究使用皮爾森積差相關分析以檢視正念傾向、運動自我效能與身體活動量之間的相關性，並以拔靴法進行中介效果檢驗。結果顯示，正念傾向與運動自我效能及身體活動量均呈現正相關。在中介效果方面，運動自我效能在正念傾向與身體活動量之間具有完全中介效果。換言之，具備較高正念傾向的中老年人，具有較高的運動自我效能，進而有更高的身體活動量。建議未來推動中老年人身體活動之介入方案，可透過提升正念傾向以強化其運動自我效能，進而增加中老年人身體活動量。The proportion of Taiwan's population aged 65 and above is projected to reach 20%, officially marking its transition into a super-aged society. In recent years, the World Health Organization (WHO) has increasingly emphasized the importance of healthy aging, with physical activity being one of the key contributing factors. As a result, identifying psychological factors that promote physical activity has become an important issue. Mindfulness has attracted growing attention in the field of psychology in recent years, andstudies have shown a positive correlation between mindfulness and physical activity levels (Schneider, et al., 2018). However, the underlying mechanisms through which mindfulness predicts physical activity remain unclear. Therefore, this study aims to examine the predictive effect of trait mindfulness on physical activity levels among middle-aged and older adults, and to explore the mediating role of exercise self-efficacy. Data were collected through an online questionnaire survey, and 548 participants were recruited using a snowball sampling method. Upon obtaining participants’ informed consent, they completed the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Taiwanese version of the short-form International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships among dispositional mindfulness, exercise self-efficacy, and physical activity levels. A bootstrapping method was used to test the mediating effect. The results showed that dispositional mindfulness was positively correlated with both exercise self-efficacy and physical activity levels. In terms of the mediating effect of exercise efficacy, the results indicated that exercise self-efficacy had a full mediating effect between dispositional mindfulness and physical activity levels. In other words, middle-aged and older adults with higher levels of dispositional mindfulness tended to have greater confidence in their exercise abilities, which in turn led to have higher physical activity levels. It is recommended that future programs aimed at promoting physical activity among middle-aged and older adults place greater emphasis on enhancing exercise self-efficacy through improving dispositional mindfulness.