視覺障礙者定向行動之運動知覺訓練研究

Abstract

擁有良好的定向行動能力對於視覺障礙者是極為重要的。目的：比較不同視覺程度障礙者在自覺距離的差異與三角形路徑中行走距離、偏向及轉向角度的訓練成效，以及探討視覺障礙程度與身體活動量間的關係。方法：受試者為10名先天性視覺障礙者（中度組4名、重度組6名）皆進行自覺距離測驗、三角形路徑測驗與訓練以及配戴計步器行走二週記錄。結果：1.中度與重度組在自覺手部1m距離有顯著不同。2.中度組對於實際步距的掌握顯著較重度組正確，但多數受試者在自覺步距的概念有小於實際步距的傾向。3.自覺6m直線行走項目中，中度及重度組大多有顯著超出6m的情形且左右偏離路徑的情形。4.在三角形路徑訓練前，中度組在距離估計、偏向控制表現較重度組佳，訓練後重度者則有顯著進步。5.經訓練後，中度者與重度組在轉向角度表現皆有顯著進步。6.視覺障礙程度的輕重顯著影響行走偏好及身體活動量的多寡，而徒手或持杖行走的偏好則顯著左右BMI值的高低。結論：藉由提供動作結果及利用運動知覺進行訓練，可有效提升視覺障礙者對於短距離的距離估計、偏向控制及轉向角度的掌握。

Having well orientation and mobility is very important for the visual disability. Purpose：Compare the difference in the awareness of self-distance and the training effects upon diverse performance of visual disabilities with the different levels in walking distance, deviation and turn angle in a triangular route. Furthermore, explore the relation between visually disable level and body activity. Method： There were ten volunteers of congenitally visual disabilities to participate this experiment (four volunteers were middle- level, six volunteers were serious- level). All subjects joined the tests of awareness of self- distance, the training of a triangular route, and record the walking steps by carrying a pedometer for the duration of two weeks. Results：First, there was obvious difference between the middle- and serious- level groups in the awareness of 1 meter hand- distance. Second, the middle- level group’s distant awareness of the actual step was much correcter than the serious- level group’s. And most of subjects’ self- awareness of step distance was shorter than actual step distance. Third, in the awareness of 6 meter straight walking test, most of subjects were notably over 6 meter and had deviant condition. Fourth, before the training in a triangular route, the performance of the middle- level group in walking distance and deviation was better than the serious- level’s. But the serious- level group had marked advance after training. Fifth, after training, both of the middle- and serious- level groups had noteworthy advancement in the turn angle. Sixth, the levels of visual disabilities obviously affected the amount of body activity and walking custom. And the walking custom (unarmed or with a stick) was notable influence on the value of BMI. Conclusions：By offering test data and using kinesthetic sense to adjust themselves could be notably advance in the distant estimation and deviant control of short-distance walking, and turn angle control.