越南交際文化在華語教學上的應用

Abstract

越南是臺灣在東南亞地區極為重要的合作夥伴，2006年至今，教育部已推薦無數優秀的華語教師前往越南任教，臺越之間的教育合作成果斐然。然而，據研究者觀察，華語教師在赴歐美地區任教時，因當地文化與臺灣差異顯著，普遍在行前主動補強跨文化知識。許多前往越南的華語教師卻因為臺越在儒家文化的影響，雙方具有高度相似性，忽略了其中細微的差異，進而對教學與生活造成困擾。 本研究旨在探討臺灣與越南交際文化在社會及校園中的差異，試圖建構「臺越跨文化理解的框架」，以系統性的方式使臺灣華語教師理解臺越交際文化差異的全景，從而提升其在越南的生活品質與教學效果。研究採用質性研究方法，透過文獻及訪談，蒐集及比對資訊。 研究發現，社會方面，越南階級觀念明顯，重視家庭與集體，性別角色分工明顯，行事彈性與機動，努力打拚追求經濟富裕，溝通時注重人際和諧。校園方面，越南師生之間階級分明，但出於對人際和諧的重視，越南教師呈現既威嚴又親切的多元樣貌；教師教學時習慣傳統演繹式教學法，學生重視成績。

Vietnam is a key partner for Taiwan in Southeast Asia. Since 2006, the Ministry of Education has sent numerous outstanding Mandarin teachers to Vietnam, fostering strong educational cooperation. However, while teachers heading to Western countries actively prepare for cultural differences, those going to Vietnam often overlook subtle distinctions due to shared Confucian influences, leading to challenges in teaching and daily life.This study explores Taiwan-Vietnam intercultural differences in social and educational contexts, aiming to develop a"Taiwan-Vietnam Intercultural Understanding Framework." By systematically clarifying these differences, the framework seeks to enhance Taiwanese Mandarin teachers' adaptation and teaching effectiveness in Vietnam. Using qualitative research, the study collects and compares information through literature review and interviews. Findings reveal that Vietnamese society values hierarchy, family, and collectivism, with clear gender roles, flexibility in actions, and a strong drive for material prosperity. Communication prioritizes interpersonal harmony. In education, teacher-student relationships are hierarchical, but teachers balance authority with warmth. Teaching follows a traditional deductive approach, and students highly value academic performance.