成年初顯期成人依附與主觀幸福感之關係：自我慈悲暨時間觀的雙路徑中介效果檢驗

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解成人依附、自我慈悲與時間觀對於成年初顯期主觀幸福感的影響，並探討自我慈悲與時間觀在成人依附與主觀幸福感之中介效果。研究參與者為701 位來自台灣北、中、南、東與離島地區的成年初顯期年輕人。本研究以主觀幸福感量表、親密關係體驗量表簡版、自我慈悲量表和時間觀量表為資料蒐集工具，所得資料使用描述性統計分析、皮爾森積差相關，以及中介分析進行處理。研究結果顯示（1）依附焦慮和依附迴避皆與自我慈悲、主觀幸福感有顯著負相關；（2）依附焦慮與過去正向、當下享樂和未來正向時間觀有顯著負相關，而與過去負向、當下宿命和未來負向有顯著正相關。（3）依附迴避與當下宿命時間觀無顯著關係，而與過去正向、當下享樂和未來正向時間觀有顯著負相關，同時與過去負向、當下宿命和未來負向有顯著正相關；（4）自我慈悲與主觀幸福感呈現顯著正向相關；（5）過去正向、當下享樂和未來正向時間觀皆與主觀幸福感有正向關聯，而過去負向、當下宿命和未來負向時間觀則與主觀幸福感有負向關聯；（6）自我慈悲、過去正向、過去負向、當下宿命、未來正向和未來負向時間觀同時部分中介依附焦慮與主觀幸福感之間的關係，其中自我慈悲有最強的中介效果；（7）自我慈悲、過去正向、過去負向、當下享樂、未來正向和未來負向時間觀同時部分中介依附迴避與主觀幸福感之間的關係，其中自我慈悲亦有最強的中介效果。 本研究依據實證結果加以討論，並提出各項建議以供未來研究和相關實務工作者參考。The purpose of this study was to explore the correlations of adult attachment, self-compassion, time perspective and subjective well-being among emerging adults, including the mediating role of self-compassion and time perspective in the association between adult attachment and subjective well-being. Participants of this study were 701 emerging adults which were from Northern, Central, Southern, Eastern Taiwan and surrounding islands. All participants completed the Subjective Well-Being Scale, The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale-short form, Self-Compassion Scale and Time Perspective Scale. And the descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and mediation analysis were applied to analyze the data. Findings were as followings. First, attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance were significantly and negatively related to self-compassion and subjective well-being. Second, attachment anxiety was significantly and negatively associated with Past Positive, Present Hedonistic and Future Positive, and had significantly positive association with Past Negative, Present Fatalistic and Past Negative. Third, attachment avoidance didn’t have significant relationship with Present Fatalistic, bur had same association with the rest of time perspective dimension as attachment anxiety. Fourth, self-compassion had positive association with subjective well-being. Fifth, Past Positive, Present Hedonistic and Future Positive had positive association with subjective well-being, and the rest had negative association with subjective well-being. Sixth, self-compassion, Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Fatalistic, Future Positive and Future Negative partially mediated the association between attachment anxiety and subjective well-being. Besides, self-compassion was the strongest mediator. Finally, self-compassion, Past Positive, Past Negative, Present Hedonistic, Future Positive and Future Negative partially mediated the association between attachment avoidance and subjective well-being. And self-compassion had the strongest mediated effect comparing with other mediators. Based on these findings, suggestions for future research and implications were provided to practitioners.