宜蘭縣空間特色形塑之政治經濟研究

Abstract

光復後，台灣依循發展主義振興經濟勵精圖治，在政治、制度的改革及經濟建設下，台灣晉身亞洲四小龍之列，更成為許多開發中國家的典範，寫下「台灣經濟奇蹟」。 追隨工業化、現代化的中央政府主導台灣區域發展，北部區域為政治、經濟、交通中心之所在，成為重點區域，更成為全國的發展龍頭，然而同屬於區域發展分區中北部區域的宜蘭，卻在台灣經濟發展列車中缺席。綜合開發計畫更明白揭示宜蘭發展的走向：農業、地方資源型工業，國家以整體結構力量宰制宜蘭的發展地位，宜蘭未能展現出自己，更被貼上「落後」的標籤。 隨著政權的轉移，陳定南打破國民黨長期執政局面，宜蘭開始走向不同的發展之路，在地能動力就此甦醒。從「環保立縣」、「觀光立縣」等政策的推動，公開反對中央所推動或支持的建設，讓宜蘭出現不一樣的地景樣貌。繼任的游錫堃，更以文化治理為施政主軸，帶領宜蘭成為全台生活品質滿意度最高的縣市，更透過各項文化活動，將宜蘭推向國際，徹底翻轉宜蘭早期落後的印象。 地景能反應出歷史的記錄及時代的變遷。在區域內各種力量互動交織的過程亦能透過地景所呈現。宜蘭縣的區域特色，便是由中央政府的主導力量與在地力量反動所形塑的結果。政治變遷過程影響地方發展的方向，在全台各縣市當中，宜蘭是相當特殊且顯著的案例，而這也反應出宜蘭的特殊性，宜蘭所展現出的區域特色，多與其在地能動力量有關，如反污染重視環保、以文化為立縣治理主軸、在地特色文化充分展現等。而這些特色亦反應在地景當中，例如：武荖坑風景區、冬山河親水公園、運動公園、各社區總體營造及觀光工廠等 本文從宜蘭政治變遷的過程中，討論中央結構力量的影響以及地方政權反動的勢力，如何共同作用於宜蘭地表，形塑出宜蘭的地景樣貌。並以文獻回顧分析、參與觀察及深入訪談等研究方法，透過結構主義、結構化歷程、文化治理等角度，解讀地景形塑的脈絡，探討宜蘭空間特色與政治經濟間的關係。After the end of Japanese rule in 1945, Taiwan became a developmental state in securing the KMT’s political legitimacy and boosting economy. With several reforms in place on top of a major economic growth, Taiwan was recognized as a role model for developing countries for “Taiwan Miracle”. Taiwan central government in the 1960s, pursuing industrialization and modernization, set regional agenda where Yilan seemed to be missed in national picture despite its geographic proximity to Taipei. The National Comprehensive Development Plan designated Yilan as good for agriculture and local resources-based industries. That placed a cap for the economic potentials of Yilan. It dictated the development of Yilan without seeing the potential in local communities. Yilan was even stigmatized as “underdeveloped.” In retrospective, it might have been helpful to the kind of development for Yilan today. It was not until Chen Ding-nan came to office that the local development of Yilan took a new turn. Chen pledged to make Yilan a “county of green environment and tourism,” and openly rejected the development projects of the central government. Chen’s defiance to the central government created a landscape that would otherwise have been different. The next magistrate, Yu Xi-kun, followed suit by upholding “cultural governance” as the guideline for his policies. The results were the highest satisfaction level of people in terms of quality of life among all counties. Yu initiated a variety of cultural events to boost tourism, reversing the perception of underdevelopment. Yilan landscape today reflects its geography, history and community changes recently. The shaping forces for its changing landscapes mainly came from the county leadership and local communities that aimed at counter backing the pro-growth central government and its policies. Today, many of Yilan’s spatial features are closely tied to local agencies and their forces. This present study investigates how the structural power of central government and the countering local forces intertwined to shape the landscape of Yilan. Through literature review, field observations and in-depth interviews, this study analyzes the formation of certain Yilan landscapes and probes into the relationships between politics, economy and local spatiality from the perspectives of structuralism, structuration and cultural governance.