蘭嶼椰油村雅美族人儀式性漁撈活動之漁場利用型態

Abstract

This paper, written from the geographical viewpoint of man-environmental relations and based on data obtained by participant observation and interviewing, aims to analyze the ritual fishing practice of the Yami of Yayu village, together with its environmental, economic, social and cultural relations. Until 1956, the villagers, controlled by shamanistic beliefs and taboos, only caught flying fish by torchlight fishing using large boats. Limitations imposed by taboos and shamanism, the fishing technique itself, and the promptings of heroism and glory between fishing groups, as well as the requirements of food, social relations and sacrificial rituals, meant that their time usage of the fishing grounds was severely restricted. The spatial usage of fishing grounds by large boats carrying out torchlight fishing was mainly affected by the habits of the flying fish and the fishing ground territorial system between villages. During the flying fish fishing period another method was used, catching dolphinfish using troll lines strung out from small boats. The influence of taboos and shamanism, together with the fishing method and the habits of the dolphinfish, meant that the time usage of the fishing grounds by small boats trolling for dolphin-fish was also severely restricted. Spatial usage tended to be influenced more by the boat equipment and the ecology of the fishing ground. In the period 1956-1980, as contacts with the outside increased and changes occurred in religious belief among the Yami, changes also took place in their fishing practice. The introduce-tion of new fishing methods altered the traditional organization of fishing groups, as well as bringing changes in the time and spatial usage of flying fish fishing grounds. The times at which these fishing methods could be used were still subject to the limitations of various taboos. Since 1980, under the influence of the aborigines policy, powered fishing boats have taken the place of traditional