中文多義詞「還好」之第二語言習得研究

Abstract

本研究指在探討以中文為第二語言中，多義立場標記詞「還好」的習得情況。所檢核的關鍵因素有三，涵蓋詞意類型、高強度提示及完美主義之影響。本研究共招募了56名受試者，包括28名母語為英語，中文程度為B1或B2且就讀於國立臺灣師範大學國語中心的中文學習者，及28名中文母語人士。測驗內容包括兩項評價判斷任務及一項完美主義任務。研究結果顯示，受經濟原則及正向認知偏誤影響，受試者傾向將「還好」之語意簡化為兩類，即合併低度正面、中立語意為一類，低度負面、負面語意為另一類。此外，文化差異亦體現於受試者對「還好」中立語意之理解：美國受試者傾向選擇低度正面的詮釋，表現出較強的正向認知偏誤，而台灣受試者則傾向解讀成低度負面的意涵，展現較弱的正向認知偏誤。高強度提示顯著地提升了美國受試者「負面」還好及台灣受試者「低度正面」還好的正確率。然而，高強度提示對於語意較不明確的類別的正確率提升效果有限。至於完美主義之影響，其對於具有較強完美主義傾向的受試者之效果並不顯著，在極度完美主義者間卻展現了耐人尋味的模式：個人標準過高的完美主義者對於負面語意的掌握度達百分之百，然在解讀低度正向及中立語意時遇到挑戰；而過度關注精準度、秩序和組織的完美主義者則是對中立語意的接納度較低，顯示了對不精確性的低度包容。

The study investigated the acquisition of the Chinese polysemous stance marker haihao in Chinese as a Second Language (CSL), examining three pivotal factors: type, saliency, and perfectionism. A total of 56 participants were recruited, comprising 28 CSL learners from B1 and B2 CEFR levels at the Mandarin Training Center of National Taiwan Normal University, whose native language is English, alongside 28 Chinese native speakers. Research instruments encompassed two evaluation judgment tasks and a perfectionism task.The findings revealed participants’ tendency to simplify haihao expressions into two categories, merging Types 1 and 2, and Types 3 and 4, driven by the economy principle and positivity bias. In addition, cultural variations were evident in interpretation of average haihao. American participants, characterized by a stronger positivity bias, tended to opt for the low positive option, while Chinese participants, exhibiting a weaker bias, leaned towards the low negative option. The saliency effect notably boosted accuracy rates for negative haihao among Americans and low positive haihao among Chinese. However, its effectiveness was limited for ambiguous expressions Types 2 and 3. In exploring the perfectionism effect, no significant impact was observed among participants with stronger perfectionism tendencies. Yet, intriguing patterns emerged in those with extremely strong perfectionism tendencies: Perfectionists with excessively high personal standards demonstrated flawless accuracy in interpreting negative haihao but faced challenges with low positive or average haihao, while perfectionists strongly concerned with precision, order, and organization showed reduced acceptance rates for average haihao, indicating less tolerance for ambiguity.