以眼球追蹤探討中高齡婦女之自行車騎乘行為研究：以臺北市信義路自行車道為例

Abstract

過去眼球追蹤技術多為桌上型，受限特定研究場域，但近年來頭戴式實景眼動儀已開發完善，廣泛應用於動作學習及認知理解的研究，透過知能探索達提昇學習機能之效益。另一方面，我國自行車使用人口數逐年增多，人數遞增的情況下帶來道路騎乘上的風險，相關調查顯示，中高齡女性的騎乘意外數較高多。故本研究欲透過國立臺灣師範大學電機學系自行研發之頭戴式實景眼動儀Eye NTNUp-30，探究中高齡婦女的騎乘行為，並藉由眼動數據瞭解騎乘時的自行車騎乘行為。本研究以便利取樣取得有自行車騎乘習慣組共14位（平均年齡67.71歲）、無自行車騎乘習慣組共13位（平均年齡60.31歲）與不會騎自行車組共14位（平均年齡60.64歲）之中高齡婦女。研究結果顯示，三組對於直接影響中的滑手機路人、右方衝出、對向來車之反應時間無顯著性差異；間接影響中的角錐1及赤裸上身男性、角錐2及兔子裝、角錐3及大型看板之反應時間亦無顯著性差異；而三組對於直接影響的凝視時間亦無顯著性差異，但三組對於間接影響中的凝視時間具顯著性的差異，其中以有騎乘習慣與不會騎乘組間差異最高。根據本研究結果得知：三組間的眼動反應時間無明顯差異，且對於直接影響中的眼動凝視亦無顯著性差異，與過去相關研究結果相符；有騎乘習慣組在間接影響中大多注視於將造成立即性危害的角錐，具較高自行車騎乘風險感知能力；無騎乘習慣組顯著性的凝視於赤裸上身男性，易造成騎乘危險；不會騎乘組亦凝視於赤裸上身男性，以及兔子裝與大型看板，相較於前者更容易發生騎乘危險。本研究建議實驗設計可增加影響因子，並針對不同族群進行研究；且進一步地展開自行車訓練相關實證研究。此外，建議將此檢測模式推廣至相關單位，使其了解自身騎乘能力降低道路騎乘事故風險。

The technique of eye tracking was not portable and limited to some specific research in the past. Head-mounted eye tracking has been developed recently and is wildy applied on the movement learning and cognition research. Head-mounted eye tracking can be used on exploration on physical competence of human behaviors and enhance the learning efficiency. It really brings the research relating to eye tracking a breakthrough. The number of cyclists in Taiwan has been dramatically increasing, however, it also brings risks of bike accidents. According to the related statistics, midlife and aged women have higher rates on bike accidents. Therefor, through eye tracking, it may a good and possible way to find possible solutions. The purpose of this study was used Eye NTNUp-30 to explore the riding behavior of midlife and aged women. This study adopted convenience sampling and recruited 41 women (age=62.95), 14 participants with biking habit (biking habit group, HBG, age=67.71), 13 participants without biking habit (no biking habit group, NBHG, age=60.31) and 14 participants were unable to ride (cannot bike group, CBG, age=60.64). The results showed that three groups had no significance on the reaction time to the direct impacts and indirect impacts and neither did the result on gaze duration of the direct impacts. However, the indirect impacts of gaze duration had significance among these three groups, and the HBG and the CBG had significant difference. The HBG gazing on the cones might have lower instant risks by the indirect impacts; the NBHG and CBG easily ignore cones and are attracted to the people beside biking tracks. The study concluded that the HBG had better ability to sence the risks then NBHG and CBG. Further studies are suggested to collaborate with bike association, communities or schools and investigate other genders and, different age groups to understand their riding behavior and to accidents on bike riding.