應用慣性感測器分析跆拳道團體品勢力量峰值與動作一致性

Abstract

前言：跆拳道團體品勢需同隊三名選手共同完成同一套品勢型場，演練時要求力量與動作高度一致，而高麗型場是不同性別和年齡組跆拳道團體品勢選手都需要掌握的内容。當團體選手水平相近時，對於力量與動作一致性的判罰，裁判很難通過肉眼來進行辨別。價格便宜且即時提供運動表現反饋的慣性感測器 (Inertial Measurement Unit, IMU)，可以有效評估速度、加速度、力量及時間參數。本研究通過可穿戴IMU，獲取特徵動作加速度最大值，來評估跆拳道團體高麗型場，力量峰值和動作一致性，並與國際裁判的判罰得分進行相關性分析，瞭解裁判給分規律。方法：本研究收集五組跆拳道團體選手 (身高：172.00 ± 5.04 公分、體重：63.13 ± 2.80公斤、層級：台灣精英跆拳道品勢男子團體選手) 高麗品勢演練數據，IMU (Xsens DOT，NL) 放置於選手的右手手腕及雙腳腳踝，同步收取高麗品勢演練中特徵動作的三軸加速度值。十四名國際裁判對五組團體選手進行評分。使用描述性統計比較五組選手力量與動作一致性之差異，皮爾森積差相關 (Pearson Product-Moment Correlation) 分析IMU數據與國際裁判判罰得分之相關性。結果：其中兩組團體選手在右手手部與左右腳的力量數值均小於其餘三組選手，但是這兩組選手手部動作一致性較好，而另外三組選手左右腳動作一致性較好；選手力量峰值與裁判判罰存在正相關 (r＝.441)，動作一致性與裁判判罰存在負相關 (r＝-.109)，選手整體的力量與動作一致與裁判判罰總分存在正相關 (r＝.368)。結論：應用IMU可以有效測量跆拳道團體選手高麗型場的力量峰值與動作一致性；也可以有效測得肉眼無法識別之特徵動作力量峰值與動作一致性的差異。品勢國際裁判的整體判罰仍受到主觀性判罰的影響，其中動作一致性的判罰存在較高主觀性。應用IMU為教練和選手提供團體品勢訓練和比賽中速度、加速度、力量與動作一致性相關數據，彌補了跆拳道團體品勢無量化數據的不足，而且應用IMU檢測的量化數據，還可以用來精準選材和進行策略性的訓練。IMU還可以彌補在動作一致性判罰中所存在的主觀誤差。Introduction: Taekwondo team poomsae requires three athletes from the same team to perform the same set of poomsae, which demands a high degree of consistency in power and movement. The Goryeo poomsae is mandatory for Taekwondo team poomsae across all genders and age groups. Judges often find it difficult to recognize the consistency of strength and movement when the teams are at a similar level. An inexpensive Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) that provides real-time feedback on performance can be used to effectively evaluate speed, acceleration, force, and time parameters. In this study, we used a wearable IMU to obtain the maximum signal value of characteristic movement acceleration to evaluate the strength and consistency of movements in Taekwondo team Goryeo poomsae and to analyze the correlation with the penalty scores of international judges to understand their scoring criteria. Method: In this study, data were collected from five teams of Taekwondo athletes (height: 172.00 ± 5.04 cm, weight: 63.13 ± 2.80 kg, level: Taiwanese Elite Taekwondo poomsae male team athletes) during Goryeo poomsae exercises. IMUs (Xsens DOT, NL) were placed on the athletes' right wrists and both ankles to synchronize and collect the three-axis acceleration values of the characteristic movements in the Goryeo poomsae exercises. Fourteen international judges scored the five teams. Descriptive statistics were used to compare the differences in strength and movement consistency among the five teams. Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was employed to analyze the correlation between the IMU data and the penalty scores given by the international judges. Results: The strength values of the right hand and left and right feet of two teams were smaller than those of the other three teams; however, the hand consistency of these two teams was better, whereas the left and right foot consistency of the other three teams was better. There was a positive correlation between the judges' power penalties and the strength performance of the athletes (r = .441), and a negative correlation between the power penalties and the consistency of the athletes' movement performance (r = -.109). There was a positive correlation between the overall strength and consistency of the athletes' movements and the total number of penalties assessed by the judges (r = .368). Conclusion: The application of IMU can effectively measure the power and consistency of movements of Taekwondo Team athletesin Goryeo poomsae performances, and can also detect differences in power and consistency of subtle movements that are not discernible to the naked eye. The overall judgment of Taekwondo poomsae international judges is still affected by subjective judgment, especially regarding the consistency of Taekwondo team poomsae movements. The use of IMU to provide coaches and athletes with data on speed, acceleration, power, and consistency during team training and competitions compensates for the lack of quantitative data in Taekwondo Team training. The quantitative data detected by IMU can be used for accurate selection and strategic training. IMU can also assist and improve the accuracy of judges' assessments of movement consistency.