督導權力、督導工作同盟、一般性自我效能及諮商自我效能之關聯性研究：從受督者的觀點出發

Abstract

本研究基於督導權力與督導同盟皆與受督者自我效能提升有關，但不清楚各變項之間的關聯性如何，因此，本研究擬以受督者的觀點出發，提出以督導權力互動為自變項，工作同盟為中介變項，一般性自我效能與諮商自我效能為依變項的研究架構，先探討各變項之間的關聯性，再檢驗督導工作同盟在權力互動與一般性或諮商自我效能中所可能扮演的中介角色。研究以立意取樣及方便取樣的問卷調查法進行資料收集，以臺灣地區心理諮商研究所已完成全職實習的碩士生及畢業後並執業1—5年內的心理師為研究對象，獲得212份樣本，扣掉無效樣本12份，共取得200份有效樣本，佔94.34%。研究工具分別為督導關係量表作為測量權力互動、督導工作同盟量表作為測量同盟關係品質及一般性自我效能量表、諮商自我效能量表。根據研究問題與假設，本研究所得之結果為：1.性別、年齡層、目前專業情況及執業年資在部分主要變項（如工作同盟的情感連結分量表、諮商自我效能的個別諮商效能）呈顯著差異；2.督導權力互動、工作同盟與一般性及諮商自我效能有顯著正相關；3.在控制背景變項（性別、目前專業情況）後，督導權力互動與工作同盟皆對一般性及諮商自我效能具有預測力；4.中介路徑結果指出，工作同盟分別在權力互動與一般性及諮商自我效能之間皆具完全中介效果，進一步檢測分量表的中介路徑，工作同盟的情感連結分量表在權力互動與一般性自我效能、諮商自我效能總分及部分分量表中扮演完全中介的角色，顯示關係品質為促進受督者一般性及諮商自我效能的重要元素。根據上述結果，研究提出實務與後續研究之建議，期望有助於督導者與受督者雙方促進關係建立與有效權力運用，進而協助受督者專業成長與效能建立。This study was based on existing research indicating that both power use in supervision and supervisory working alliance are associated with supervisees’ self-efficacy. However, the specific relationships among these variables remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the interrelations among supervisory power dynamic, working alliance, general self-efficacy and counseling self-efficacy from the supervisees’ perspective. Specifically, the study proposed a mediation model in which supervisory power dynamic served as the independent variable, working alliance as the mediating variable, and both general and counseling self-efficacy as the dependent variables. The research examined the associations among these variables and tested the mediating role of working alliance. A total of 212 participants were recruited using purposive and convenience sampling, targeting graduate-level counseling students in Taiwan who had completed full-time internships and counseling therapists with 1 to 5 years of experience. After excluding 12 invalid responses, 200 valid questionnaires were retained (response rate: 94.34%). The instruments included the Supervisory Relationship Scale (measuring power dynamic), the Working Alliance Inventory-Short Form, the General Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Counseling Self-Efficacy Scale.The results revealed several significant differences in key variables based on gender, age, current professional status, and the counseling working experience, particularly on the bond subscale of the working alliance and the individual counseling subscale of counseling self-efficacy. Correlation analysis showed that power dynamic in supervision and working alliance were both positively related to general and counseling self-efficacy. Hierarchical regression analyses also demonstrated that both power dynamic and working alliance significantly predicted self-efficacy.Furthermore, mediation analysis indicated that working alliance fully mediated the relationship between power dynamic and both general and counseling efficacy. At the subscale level, the bond subscale of the working alliance played a central mediating role, suggesting that the relational quality of supervision is critical in fostering supervisees’ self-efficacy. Based on these findings, the study offers practical recommendations and directions for future research, aiming to support more effective supervisory relationships and enhance supervisees’ professional growth through strategic use of power and the cultivation of a strong working alliance.