布列東的娜底雅
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Date
2002-04-??
Authors
林崇慧
Chong-Hui Lin
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Publisher
國立臺灣師範大學研究發展處
Office of Research and Development
Office of Research and Development
Abstract
布列東於1924年發表「超現實主義宣言」（Manifeste du Surrealisme）鄭重聲明，超現實主義並非某類文學或藝術企業，而是追求徹底解放精神的一種方式至於「超現實」一詞主要意指：自發性的語言創作（une creation verbale spontanee）。因此，解放長久禁錮於專斷實用主義的「想像力」（l'imagination）即成為超現實主義美學發展的基點。為了重新尋回此種屬人的原生精神力量（la force physique），超現實主義採用許多非文學性的手段、技術，以令人眩暈的方式急速深入想像泉源：自動書寫（l'ecriture automatique）、催眠（le sommeil hypnotique）、說白思想（la pensee parlee）、拼貼法（le collage, ex: les collages verbaux）、共同創作（les textes collectifs）、相銜創作法（Les 《cadavre exquis》）、夢敘事（les recits de reves）等等，為的是詢究客觀偶然（le hasard objectif），認知現實與心理現象（le psychisme），尋求由無意識活動（une activite inconsciente）產生的驚異之美。 娜底維（Nadja），1928年出版，為超現實主義代表小說。弔詭的是布列東於「超現實主義宣言」裡大肆抨擊小說，反仿真（la vraisemblance），反寫景（la description）。然而，Nadja終究歸類為小說，不禁令人執疑一位反小說者創作之小說會是如何？首先，Nadja非線性的故事結構，片段、異質混雜（L'heterogeneite）的故事元素，非內省式，非心理分析式的寫作已與之前傳統小說逕相迥異。對小軼事（les anecdotes）的執著，一段段會面相遇的資料加上照片做對照，表面看似十分薄弱，但結合後則發生化學反應，擴散出謎樣無法言語的激情。戀物癖（la crise des objets），是另一個令人迷惘的游渦。女主角Nadja，複雜的形象即由與她相關的物體拼湊成形：她說過的話，留下的信，展現自我形態的隨筆畫�鵀蛫篘撉宣朣頩儭怳銴~顯現一個遊蕩的靈魂（I'ame errante）、自由精靈（un genie libre）之夢幻光芒。連續隱喻（la metaphore filee），類同意象（l'image analogique）與矛盾修飾法（oxymore）都為Nadja一書常選用的語言。 Nadja，現代神話，如何體驗其痙攣性驚厥之美（la beaute convulsive）方才是一切重點。
Nadja, published at 1928, is one of the famed novel of surrealism. Breton, the author, in his Manifestation of surrealism, against "vraisemblance" and "description". So the structure of "Nadja" is not linear, nether introspective, the elements fragmental and heterogeneous form a kind of novel different from the novel psychologic which is analytical. The Obsession of anecdotes, the documents combine with some photographs, in appearance the elements are very fragile but one time the connection between them establish, a kind of chemical reaction will release enigmatical passion. The cries of objets are an other confuse obsession. The protagonist "Nadja", we don't really know her, only her words, letters, and scrabbles give the readers some part of her. Nadja is an errant soul, a free genius. Nadja, a modern myth, how to experiment "the beauty convulsive" maybe is the whole point.
Nadja, published at 1928, is one of the famed novel of surrealism. Breton, the author, in his Manifestation of surrealism, against "vraisemblance" and "description". So the structure of "Nadja" is not linear, nether introspective, the elements fragmental and heterogeneous form a kind of novel different from the novel psychologic which is analytical. The Obsession of anecdotes, the documents combine with some photographs, in appearance the elements are very fragile but one time the connection between them establish, a kind of chemical reaction will release enigmatical passion. The cries of objets are an other confuse obsession. The protagonist "Nadja", we don't really know her, only her words, letters, and scrabbles give the readers some part of her. Nadja is an errant soul, a free genius. Nadja, a modern myth, how to experiment "the beauty convulsive" maybe is the whole point.