大專校院聽覺障礙學生休閒運動參與現況及阻礙之分析

Abstract

本研究旨在了解大專校院聽覺障礙學生運動休閒參與現況及阻礙因素，以作為提升大專校院聽覺障礙學生參與休閒運動之建議。本研究以全國大專校院聽覺障礙學生為研究對象，修編之「大專校院聽覺障礙學生休閒運動參與現況與阻礙調查問卷」為研究工具，進行調查與統計分析。依地理區域分層抽樣，獲得有效問卷251份，問卷回收率77.2%。本研究以描述統計、獨立樣本t 檢定、單因子變異數分析、雪費法事後比較進行分析研究。研究結果顯示：一、大專校院聽覺障礙學生最常參與的休閒運動前五名依序為慢跑、散步、籃球、游泳、快走；二、休閒運動習慣以「3～4次／週」、「1～2小時／次」為主；三、休閒運動之地點主要為學校，多為朋友相陪；四、參與休閒運動之阻礙以結構性阻礙為主，參與休閒運動阻礙因素依序為政府缺乏對休閒運動訊息的宣導、學校缺乏對休閒運動訊息的宣導、社會缺乏休閒運動訊息的宣導、器材或設備沒有專業指導人員服務、社工人員沒有提供休閒運動資訊；五、不同性別、聽覺障礙等級、溝通方式、有無戴聽覺輔具在休閒運動阻礙呈現顯著差異。本研究建議相關機關團體及學校可加強休閒運動訊息之宣導及活動推廣；學校依據現有之場館設施及環境協助其規劃休閒運動；各運動場館應配置具身心障礙運動指導之專業人員，以減少聽覺障礙學生參與運動之阻礙。

The purpose of this study was to explore the recreational sport participationand constraints for college students with hearing impairment, and to analyze thedifference in the recreational sport constraints with different backgrounds variables.This research adopting a questionnaire survey, and conducted with stratifiedrandom sampling. 251 effective questionnaires were obtained; the return rate was77.2 percent. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVAand Scheffé’s method were performed for the data analysis. The results of theresearch revealed as follows: 1. The most five participated recreational sports insequence were jogging, walking, basketball, swimming, and brisk walking. 2. Highfrequency of participating in recreational sports was accompanied with friends, 3 to4 times per week, 1 to 2 hours each time, and in school. 3. The major recreationalsport constraint was structural constraint, followed by inter-personal constraintand intra-personal constraint. 4. The first five obstructing factors were lackinggovernment propaganda of information about recreational sport, lacking school’sadvocacy of recreational sport, lacking community advocacy of recreational sport, lacking professional directors, and social workers did not provide information aboutrecreational sport. 5. The level of recreational sport constraints was significantdifference in gender, grade of hearing impairment, communication skills, andwhether using hearing aids. As advices of this research, the organizations andschools can strengthen propaganda and hold more activities to promote students toparticipate in exercise; schools can help students to plan their recreational sportsactivities based on existing athletic facilities; and sports complex should haveexercise instructors for special needs and individuals with disabilities.