從新興詞彙探究兩岸語言現象—以類詞綴為例

Abstract

在全球化的浪潮下，華語教學也開始重視各地使用華語地區之交流，期望拓展更廣闊的華語觀。華語因文化、社會、族群等因素產生許多變體，語言學習之重要目的為溝通，為符合當前華語各區社會文化語言使用趨勢，各地區不同詞彙及新興詞彙之教學也逐漸受到重視。 由於新詞具時代性及時效性，故本研究語料部分以兩岸2012年至2017年的新詞作為分析語料，分析當前新詞並著重於類詞綴的語言現象。大陸地區以《中國語言生活狀況》作為語料來源，臺灣地區以《蘋果日報》作為語料來源，分析類詞綴派生出的新詞，並做兩岸比較，最後提出教學建議。 根據研究結果，在新詞方面，從語言使用角度來看，新詞的音節數從三音節朝四音節發展，構詞形式以複合詞最多，且有增加趨勢；從社會文化角度來看，新詞具區域性之特性表現在詞彙上：1. 同一詞義兩岸無對應詞彙；2. 兩岸不同的詞彙但具有相似詞義；3. 兩岸同樣有的詞彙但具有不同詞義。 在類詞綴方面，從語言使用角度來看，兩岸呈現出的語言現象大致相同，可歸納出以下三點：1. 雙音節詞根與類詞綴結合仍是當前最活躍的組成方式；2. 類詞綴與偏正結構詞根結合的數量最多；3. 類詞綴與詞根的感情色彩互相牽制、影響，決定新詞的感情色彩。從社會文化角度來看，可發現以下兩點：1. 語言的共通性與差異性：同時在兩岸活躍的類詞綴顯示語言有共通性，然而在大陸地區相當活躍的「門」、「體」類後綴，在臺灣地區新詞的能產性相當低，顯示語言具差異性；2. 語言的區域性差異：區域性的差異表現在翻譯取向、慣用詞彙、命名取向等三個方向。另外，在語言發展影響的部分，研究結果顯示臺灣地區直接使用大陸的詞彙比例呈現增長趨勢。

Under the wave of globalization, Chinese teaching has also started to pay heed to the use of Chinese in each region. In order to conform to the current trend of social and cultural language use in various Chinese-speaking regions, the teaching of new words in different regions has received increasing attention. The new words are time-sensitive and responding to the times, thus The report “Language Situation of mainland China” and the newspaper “Apple Daily” of Taiwan region from 2012 to 2017 are taken asthe source to analyze new words derived from quasi-affixes, make cross-strait comparisons, and propose teaching suggestions. According to the research results, from the perspective of language use, the number of syllables of new words develops from three towards four syllables, and the word formation in compound words is the most, with a growing trend; from the perspective of social culture, the new words have regional characteristics: 1. New words have no corresponding words in the two regions. 2. Different words have similar meanings. 3. One same word has different meanings. From the perspective of language use, the linguistic phenomenon of quasi-affixes presented in two regions are roughly the same. The following three points can be summarized: 1. The combination of two-syllable roots and quasi-affixes is still the most active form. 2. The quasi-affixes are combined with partial formal root the most. 3. The quasi-affixes mutually influence the roots to determine the emotional color of new word. From the perspective of social culture, the following two points can be found: 1. Commonality and difference of Chinese. 2. The regional differences in Chinese, which are reflected in translation orientation, idioms, and naming orientation. In addition, the research results show that the usage of the words in mainland China by Taiwan indicates an increasing trend.