我國成人教學者自我評量表建構之研究

Abstract

本研究以成人教學專業化為主題，旨在透過成人教學者教學角色與行為的探究，建構我國成人教學者的自我評量表。研究的待答問題包括：我國成人教學者主要的教學角色與定位為何？我國成人教學包括那些教學向度？本次成人教學者自我評量表的信效度為何？因此，主要的研究方法與步驟包括：(1)成人教學者教學角色的定位分析，以多元尺度分析法(MDS)將國內成人教學者較常扮演的十種角色，繪製成教學角色的認知空間圖，是量表教師行為細目規劃的基礎；(2)針對成人教學者自我評量表的行為題組和細目，進行德懷術研究，以確定量表的內容；(3)進行量表施測，並以結構方程模式的驗證性因素分析(CFA)進行資料的分析。 主要的研究結果與發現包括：(1)發現我國成人教學者教學角色的多樣性與角色群集。本研究教學角色的認知空間圖顯示，十種教學角色均勻地落入四個象限，可分為四個角色群集。研究者將教學角色認知空間圖X軸的屬性界定為「師生互動程度」，代表教學互動或教師主導的特質，可呈現師生在互動程度上的差異；Y軸界定為「教學任務取向」，代表個人化指導或團體引導的特質，可呈現教學任務取向上的差異。同時選擇其中四種教學角色作為量表編製的構面，即學習引導者、善於提問者、學習催化者和課程規劃者。(2)發現成人教學的八個教學因素，並建構我國多向度的成人教學者自我評量表。其中，成人教學應包括八個教學因素，每個因素都是教師教學的重要因素，因此本自評量表是一種「多向度量表」，共有八個分量表，包括：定向輔導、結構化、提問反思、教學楷模、應用、時間管理、教學情境規劃、教學評量等分量表。每個分量表再區分為三種不同的教師教學行為因素，即為教師教學次因素。量表編製時以德懷術研究進行量表的修刪，繼而以結構方程模式驗證性因素分析針對量表的施測資料進行模式的評鑑與修正。量表最初規劃為32個題組，共128個行為細目，經修正後保留23個題組，共87個細目。最後則分別針對成人教育機構、成人教學者，以及後續的研究提出一些建議。

關鍵字：成人教學者、自我評量表、教學角色定位分析、 多元尺度分析、德懷術研究、驗證性因素分析

The purpose of this research is to fulfill the self-diagnostic inventory for adult teachers which can show the multiple properties of adult teachers’ roles. This research tries to figure out the position and characteristic of the roles of adult teachers, the main factors of adult teaching, and the reliability and validity of the self-diagnostic inventory for adult teachers. Therefore, the study includes: the position analysis of the adult teacher’s roles by Multi-Dimensions Scale (MDS) ; the implementation of self-diagnostic inventory through Delphi Technique; and the data analysis by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The result reveals: through two dimensions position analysis of Multi-Dimensions Scale, ten different teacher’s roles distribute into four quadrants or clusters, and each of them has different characteristic which is the basis of the compilation of the self-diagnostic inventory. The result also indicates that there are eight factors of adult teaching; therefore, the self-diagnostic inventory is a multiple-dimensions scale which includes eight subscales: orientation subscale, structuring subscale, questioning subscale, teaching-modeling subscale, application subscale, time-management subscale, learning-environment subscale, and assessment subscale. And each subscale includes three kinds of teacher behaviors which refer to the three sub-domains of each adult teaching factor. There are 32 items (128 inventories) in the original edition of the self-diagnostic inventory, and 23 items (87 inventories) in the final edition after analysis of the Delphi Technique and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) modification of each subscale. And some suggestions for the institution, adult teachers and the future research are included.

Key Word：Adult teacher; Self-diagnostic inventory; Position analysis of role of teachers; Multi- Dimensions Scale; Delphi Technique; Confirmatory Factor Analysis