現代漢語信息結構與斯語對比
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2015
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本論以Halliday (1967,1985), Lambrecht (1994)以及Teng (1984) 介紹信息結構(information structure) 理論和討論了漢語與斯語的話題−述題(topic-comment)結構類型及其形態句法特徵。
根據Li and Thompson（1976）漢語屬於「話題凸顯型語言」而斯洛維尼亞語(斯拉夫語) 屬於「主語凸顯型語言」，Li and Thompson (1976)認為一般句子主要成分是話題(topic) 和述題(comment)
話題是現代漢語重要的研究內容，涉及到語序、語言類型、信息結構等多方面的的問題。本文認為話題在句法形式上有一定的反映，如語法標記、語音亭頓等，話題同時收到三個平面的句法、語義、語用三者相互制約的影響。從話題標記由實到虛的變化，語法結構的轉換、移位可以看出，話題正處於語法化的進程中，仍有部分屬於語用範疇，而不完全是一個句法範疇。
本文為話題句與非話題句的對比向學習者做了問卷調查,我們以兩種不同的語言類型背景的受訪者為調查對象:漢語是話題凸顯型語言, 斯語是主語凸顯型的語言。目的是從語篇角度考察非母語者與母語者對漢語話題句掌握情況的差別度。「話題句」資料來源是向學習者做了問卷調查，我們參考了《新實用視聽華語》以斯語為母語的生學習漢語時，一種移位話題句類型：賓語提前型及兩重無移位話題句類型：主語提前型(或左移)和漢語風格話題。
到日前為止，研究漢語學習者在斯洛維尼亞學習漢語過程中面對甚問題，這樣的研究很少也可以說是沒有。
In this thesis we focus on the theoretical background of information structure as proposed by Halliday, Lambrecht and Teng. This theory is used to describe syntactic and morphological characteristic of topic-comment structures in Chinese and Slovenian languages. According to Li and Thomson, Chinese is a topic-prominent language while Slovenian (and other Slavic languages) are considered to be subject-prominent languages. Topic plays a vital role in research of modern Chinese language, focusing on word order, language typology, information structure etc. In the syntactic level of a sentence, different languages mark topics in different ways: distinct intonation and word order are most common means. In this thesis we focus on few examples from Slovenian and compare them to Chinese topic comment structures. Slovenian learners of Chinese language and Native Chinese speakers participated in a survey involving three groups of topic-comment sentences using Object Fronting, Subject Fronting as well as Chinese Style Topic. This thesis is the first attempt of above comparative study and analysis between the information structure in Chinese and Slovenian.
In this thesis we focus on the theoretical background of information structure as proposed by Halliday, Lambrecht and Teng. This theory is used to describe syntactic and morphological characteristic of topic-comment structures in Chinese and Slovenian languages. According to Li and Thomson, Chinese is a topic-prominent language while Slovenian (and other Slavic languages) are considered to be subject-prominent languages. Topic plays a vital role in research of modern Chinese language, focusing on word order, language typology, information structure etc. In the syntactic level of a sentence, different languages mark topics in different ways: distinct intonation and word order are most common means. In this thesis we focus on few examples from Slovenian and compare them to Chinese topic comment structures. Slovenian learners of Chinese language and Native Chinese speakers participated in a survey involving three groups of topic-comment sentences using Object Fronting, Subject Fronting as well as Chinese Style Topic. This thesis is the first attempt of above comparative study and analysis between the information structure in Chinese and Slovenian.
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信息結構, 語序, 話題－述題, Information structure, word order, topic-comment