幼兒氣質與其食物選擇知覺之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在瞭解幼兒氣質與食物選擇知覺的現況，並檢測兩者之間的關係。研究對象為台北市6所公立幼稚園396名四至六歲幼兒。研究者利用SPSS 12.0進行資料處理與分析，以描述性統計、獨立樣本t考驗與單因子變異數分析探討幼兒氣質、幼兒食物選擇知覺的現況，以及不同性別、年齡、出生序、家庭社經地位的幼兒在氣質與食物選擇知覺表現上的差異性；並以皮爾森積差相關與多元迴歸分析幼兒氣質與其食物選擇知覺間的相關情形。研究結果如下： 一、本研究之受試幼兒在氣質各向度表現上，顯示反應強度較強、情緒本質較負向，且反應閾限較低。 二、幼兒利用味知覺決定食物好惡的強度最高，利用色彩視知覺決定食物好惡的強度最低；且幼兒的食物偏好種類較為分散，最喜歡的前十種食物，依序為：草莓、香蕉、炸雞薯條、蘋果、巧克力、蛋糕、小黃瓜、糖果、冰淇淋及香腸；而偏食食物種類則較為一致，最不喜歡的前十種食物，依序為：苦瓜、臭豆腐、榴槤、蔥薑蒜香菜、茄子、青椒、青菜、肉、香菇、木耳。 三、不同性別、年齡、出生序及家庭社經地位的幼兒在食物的選擇知覺上無顯著差異。 四、活動量大、規律性高、情緒本質負向及反應閾限低的幼兒，較常利用食物的顏色來選擇食物。 五、情緒本質負向及反應閾限低的幼兒，較常利用食物的氣味來選擇食物。 六、趨避性傾向避、反應強度強、情緒本質負向及反應閾限低的幼兒，較常利用食物的味道來選擇食物。 七、趨避性傾向避、反應強度強、情緒本質負向及反應閾限低的幼兒，較常利用食物的口感來選擇食物。 根據研究發現，幼兒天生的氣質的確會影響其偏食或食物偏好的行為表現。建議幼兒家長與教師遇到幼兒不喜歡吃的食物時，可多利用營養成分相似的食物替代，不要強迫幼兒接受所有的食物。另外，照顧者應多注意幼兒的食物偏好行為，避免幼兒攝取過多的高醣類、高脂肪食物，並以「均衡飲食」作為幼兒飲食的指導原則。The purposes of this study were to understand young children’s temperament and the perception of food choice and to explore the relation between young children’s temperament and their perception of food choice. The participants included 396 preschool children (192 males, 204 females) between the ages of 4 to 6 years who recruited from 6 public kindergartens in Taipei. By using ”Behavior Style Questionnaire-Short Form” and “Young Child Perception of Food Choice Scale”, the main findings are listed as follows: a. In this study, young children showed higher intensity, negative mood and lower threshold of their temperament. b. The young children’s dependence on the perception of taste for food choice is the most intense and their dependence on the perception of color vision is the least intense. In addition, the foods young children like are diverse and the foods they dislike are similar. c. There were no significant difference between young children’s background (sex, age, birth order and SES) and their perception of food choice. d. The higher young children‘s activity, rhythm and negative mood in their temperament, the more they use color vision to choose food. e. The higher young children‘s negative mood and threshold in their temperament, the more they use smell to choose food. f. The higher young children‘s approach, reaction intensity, negative mood and threshold in their temperament, the more they use taste to choose food. g. The higher young children‘s approach, reaction intensity, negative mood and threshold in their temperament, the more they use oral cutaneous sense to choose food. Finally, based on the findings of this study, further discussion and suggestions would be made.