臺港兩地大專體育組織運動治理之研究
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2014
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Abstract
體育運動組織在國家體育運動政策中一直擔當重要的角色，肩負著推動國家運動發展的使命。目前臺灣與香港的大專體育運動組織為非營利組織，在變化萬千的環境中面臨不少挑戰。組織必須建立一套良好的運動治理準則，得以獲取更多資源以利發展。本研究目的為分析及探討臺港兩地大專體育組織運動治理之現況，進一步比較二組織運動治理內涵之異同，做為非營利體育組織採用運動治理模式時之參酌。本研究以立意取樣方式選擇九位中華民國大專體育總會及香港大專體育協會之理事會成員為本研究之受訪者，研究發現如下:
一、 二組織在環境動態層面上情況略有不同：大專體總 (臺灣) 組織規模龐大，會員與職員人數眾多，與利益關係人互動頻繁，面對法規、政策或環境的限制時，組織傾向積極向外尋求更多資源；大專體協 (香港) 組織規模小，會員及職員人數少，以自負盈虧模式運作，相較之下組織受環境、法規政策及利益關係人之間的相互影響較低。
二、二組織在理事會角色層面上情況相異：大專體總 (臺灣) 理事會角色以監督、建議為主，實際決策與領導為幹事部高階主管；大專體協 (香港) 董事會為最高權力機關，擁有最高決策權，主要負責審查通過及制定組織政策，再下達予執委會執行。
三、二組織在治理能力層面上情況相似： 二組織在會議頻率、財務及政策均具透明度，並且達到組織績效及目標。
依據研究結果，本研究建議未來可針對不同層級之體育組織 (如：高中體總) 作延伸之研究，並針對理事會角色的部份，選擇不同層級的訪談對象作進一步研究。
Sport organization, which has a mission to foster national sports development, has long been playing an important role in national sports policies. Nowadays, sport organizations in Taiwan and Hong Kong universities are facing various challenges in this ever-changing environment. To acquire more resources for the future advancement, it is important for sport organizations to implement sport governance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation of sport governance developmentation in sport organizations in Taiwan and Hong Kong universities, and then made comparison between two organizations. Purposive sampling was employed and 9 council members from CTUSF and USFHK were interviewed. The findings are as following: Difference in environmental dynamics: The scale of the CTUSF is larger, many more members and staffs are involved and there are more interactions with the stakeholders. Dealing with the legal requirement, influence of different policies or limitation on environment, sport organization tends to seek more resources and solutions externally. While the USFHK is a more compact one, with fewer members and staff. It is solely responsible for its profits and loss. Comparatively, it is less bounded by environment, legal requirement and stakeholders. Contrast in board roles: The board of CTUSF is mainly responsible for monitoring and offering suggestions. The secretary general is the decision maker and for the policy implementation with the board members. As for the USFHK, the power is more centralized. It monitors and sets out organizational policy, which is later operated by the executive council. Similarity in governance capabilities: It is found that both organizations are transparent in meeting frequency, financial situation and policy. And they both achieve the expected performance and goals. From the findings, it is suggested the future research can expand to different level of organizations or broaden the interviewees.
Sport organization, which has a mission to foster national sports development, has long been playing an important role in national sports policies. Nowadays, sport organizations in Taiwan and Hong Kong universities are facing various challenges in this ever-changing environment. To acquire more resources for the future advancement, it is important for sport organizations to implement sport governance. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current situation of sport governance developmentation in sport organizations in Taiwan and Hong Kong universities, and then made comparison between two organizations. Purposive sampling was employed and 9 council members from CTUSF and USFHK were interviewed. The findings are as following: Difference in environmental dynamics: The scale of the CTUSF is larger, many more members and staffs are involved and there are more interactions with the stakeholders. Dealing with the legal requirement, influence of different policies or limitation on environment, sport organization tends to seek more resources and solutions externally. While the USFHK is a more compact one, with fewer members and staff. It is solely responsible for its profits and loss. Comparatively, it is less bounded by environment, legal requirement and stakeholders. Contrast in board roles: The board of CTUSF is mainly responsible for monitoring and offering suggestions. The secretary general is the decision maker and for the policy implementation with the board members. As for the USFHK, the power is more centralized. It monitors and sets out organizational policy, which is later operated by the executive council. Similarity in governance capabilities: It is found that both organizations are transparent in meeting frequency, financial situation and policy. And they both achieve the expected performance and goals. From the findings, it is suggested the future research can expand to different level of organizations or broaden the interviewees.
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非營利組織, 運動治理, 大專體總, 大專體協 (香港), Non-profit organization, sport governance, CTUSF, USFHK