機車不機車 從媒體文本與車隊文化看台灣社會中的機車

Abstract

在機車保有率與密度皆居世界之冠的台灣，多數人騎乘機車做為日常生活交通代步之用，但也有人利用機車從事其餘各種行為與活動。其中，有人騎車在路上狂飆，甚至無來由地沿街傷人，藉以吸引他人目光或是證明自身之存在，這群人被媒體與社會大眾稱做「飆車族」。漸漸，「飆車」這般鮮明的負面形象與利用機車從事交通代步以外所有行為的青少年有了直接而深固的連結關係。於是，台灣的機車文化場域早已容不下單純喜歡機車做為一種休閒興趣，進而從事改裝甚至是賽車運動等衍生活動的社群存在。因為，他們總會被貼上玩車即等同於「飆車族」的汙名化標籤。

然而，政府官僚長久以來為固守社會秩序與階層關係的守舊思維與戒嚴管控，讓緊繃38年的人心更加思變、愈加嚮往自由民主社會的誕生。於是，1980年代末期、解嚴前後爆發了第一次的青少年飆車風潮，並成為一種社會現象進而蔓延至全台，且持續至今；而統治階級消極打壓的處理態度，更使飆車與改車、玩車以及賽車的詭異連結愈趨深刻，並一再成為青少年用以抵抗主流意識、但卻是扭曲變相的次文化反叛展現。

本研究以台灣機車產業發展歷程的政策規範、經濟與社會脈絡變遷的資料爬梳做為基礎，透過新聞、廣告與雜誌、電視等媒體文本的敘事與文本分析了解台灣各時期的機車形象再現與機車文化脈絡，並實際參與觀察車隊出遊活動，試圖描繪現今台灣機車文化發展面臨的困境與契機。本研究發現，新聞中的飆車形象與廣告中的賽車形象，皆是源自政治上為方便管理、企圖主導宰制而生的失真再現。在這之下，一群喜歡機車的人用制度化的車隊管理與要求、身體力行的自我規馴與約束，對外展現與飆車族之不同的「正派玩車」，對內同時建立愛車、玩車人的社群認同，期盼能以尊重他人、負責任的玩車態度獲得社會同等的尊重與認同，冀望以社會正向次文化的形式展現台灣社會多元而豐富的文化風貌。Taiwan maintains the 1st place in the ratio of motorcycle ownership and the density of motorcycle among the world. Therefore, people ride their motorcycles with different ways. Some people do the speeding or illegal racing on the road, even hurting others they don’t recognize with weapons along the street. These people is called “speeding gang” by the media and the mass. Gradually, the negative image of “speeding” has constructed a direct and solid connection with juveniles who ride the motorcycle to do all the things besides as means of transportation. Hence, there is no space for the community to take motorcycles as a leisure interest to remodel their motorcycles or undertake the racing sports because of the “speeding gang” tagged by the public.

However, the government had kept the conservative thinking and implemented the martial law to maintain the social order and defend their power relations in the society for 38 years, making people long for a free and democratic society even more. As a consequence, the first wave of juvenile speeding unrest had broken out in the phase of the lift of martial law in the end of the 1980s, and becoming a social phenomenon spreading to whole Taiwan, even up to now. The passive attitudes of the ruling class make the illegal racing have a stronger but distorted connection with people who love motorcycle, turning into a twisted presentation of sub-culture which shows juvenile rebellion towards social mainstream ideology.

This study is based on the political, economic and social change materials about the developing process of motorcycle industry in Taiwan, trying to describe the dilemmas and opportunities via the analysis of news and advertisements of different periods about motorcycle to understand the image representations, and actually participating in the activities of a motorbike team. The study finds that the reason why motorcycles have been represented with the speeding image in the news and the racing image in the ads is all resulted from the political reasons to control the social order. Consequently, a group of people who love motorcycles domesticate themselves with institutionalized managements and requirements to foam a inner identity towards a team, even to a community, presenting their honest manner to ride motorbikes which absolutely different from speeding gang. All they want is the respect and acquaintance from the public, hoping to have a chance to develop a positive sub-culture to show the cultural diversity in Taiwan.