例行動作訓練對10公尺空氣手槍射擊選手腦波及成績之影響

Abstract

射擊運動是一種閉鎖性的個人比賽項目，射擊選手的心理技能和心理穩定性佔有其重要地位。本研究檢驗例行動作訓練對於射擊選手專注力及成績表現之影響，並透過穿戴式腦波神經回饋儀BrainLink Neuro Feedback之參數來記錄例行動作訓練對於10公尺空氣手槍選手腦波之專注度、放鬆度之變化。本研究招募參與對象計9名，其中7名為身心障礙射擊選手，及2名自主性初學者，均為參加過全國性射擊比賽之業餘選手。研究設計為一次前測、八次期中測 (加入例行動作及指導)、以及一次後測。腦波神經回饋儀記錄前測、後測各20發的專注度及放鬆度的腦波變化值之參數。以參與者從舉槍到擊發時間為基準，依據BrainLink所顯示從1~100之具體數值做為參數，來顯示參與者者的專注水平及放鬆水平。由所擷取之資料利用相依樣本t檢定進行分析，探討例行動作訓練對於選手在專注力及成績表現之影響。研究結果顯示，八次的例行動作訓練對於參與者的腦波及射擊成績未達顯著差異。本研究發現業餘射擊選手對於射擊技術本質理解較為不足，因此在例行動作訓練可能需要更長的時間。有部分受試者在期中測期間出現明顯高峰值成績，但有可能產生期望值過高及觀眾效應，或者壓力過大，導致正式後測時分數下降。

Shooting sport is a close skill individual competition. The psychological skills and stability play an important role for shooters. The current study examined the effect of performance routine training on 10 meter pistol shooters’ concentration and shooting performance. Nine shooters with physical disability were recruited as participants. The experiment design was a single group pre- and post-test design. Participants were attended 8 times performance routine trainings. Participants’ shooting performance and their brain wave during shootings were recorded before and after the training. The BrainLink Neuro Feedback device was used to measure the parameters of the brain wave change values of the attention and meditation of 20 shots before and after the shot. The results of pair-t test indicated that participants’ shooting performance did not have significantly difference between their pre-test and post-test performance. The results conclude that 8 times performance routine training cannot improve shooters concentration and shooting performance. The possible reasonsmight be because participants are not elite shooters. More training sessions are needed for them to develop their performance routine. In addition, some participants had significant high peaks during the mid-term tests, but decreased in the post-test, which may be due to high expectations, audience effects, excessive stress, and premature distraction.