時間、空間和記憶：《心城》和〈古都〉中的節奏漫遊者
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2011
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時間、空間和記憶之間存有一緊密不可分的關係；三者共存於城市之中且相互影響。城市不僅受外部發展趨勢的影響，更因著人們的生活經驗、記憶和歷史而具有形塑性。在潘內洛琵‧賴芙莉的《心城》和朱天心的〈古都〉的作品中，都在在展現出作者對於時間、空間、記憶和歷史等議題的關懷。兩位作者並且都將書中主角設定為一散步於城市之中、展現心中城市印象的漫遊者。本論文企圖以《心城》和〈古都〉為例證去檢視人們如何面對他們所生活的城市，藉以證實時間、空間和記憶如何作為每個人去建構心之城市的關鍵要點。
本論文共計五章。第一章說明賴芙莉和朱天心的生平、作品《心城》和〈古都〉，及闡述他們的作品如何受到各自生命經驗的影響。第二章探討列斐伏爾的空間理論和節奏分析，以及漫遊者的意象和行走特徵。第三章和第四章分別以第二章所論及的理論檢閱《心城》和〈古都〉。兩本作品中的主角可視為我所提出的節奏漫遊者之範例。主角們於城市中的行走和對於城市、自身記憶的檢視，提供了他們一個重現城市歷史的路徑，且讓他們能夠自過去的創傷或是枷鎖之中解放而出。第五章指出對於《心城》和〈古都〉的研究分析，促使研究者進而反思所生長、生活的城市和都市經驗。藉由證實個人記憶和歷史在形塑表徵空間時的重要性，和藉由證實行走和節奏的重要性，本論文試圖為不同於朱天心、面臨瞬息多變的年輕世代，建立起一個可能的立足點、一個可觸及的方法，希冀能藉此與正快速變化的台灣達到認同和協調。
There is an indivisible relationship among time, space, and memory, all of which coexist and interact with one another in the city. The city is always plastic and malleable because it is affected not only by the external, developmental forces but also by people’s lived experiences, memories, and histories on the other hand. In Penelope Lively’s ninth novel City of the Mind (1991) and Chu Tien-hsin’s novella “The Old Capital” (1996), both writers concern the issues of time, space, memory, and history in their works. They also feature flâneur narrators who stroll around the cities and display their mental visions of the cities. In my thesis, I aim to use City of the Mind and “The Old Capital” as case studies to examine how people face the cities they live, and verify how time, space, and memory serve as the key points for everyone to build one’s own city of the mind. My thesis consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, I briefly introduce both Lively and Chu, their works City of the Mind and “The Old Capital,” and how their works are possibly impacted by their lives. The second chapter focuses on the theories I apply to my textual analysis, including Henri Lefebvre’s triad of spatial theory and rhythmanalysis, and the figure of the flâneur and his characteristic “walking.” In the third and fourth chapters, I review City of the Mind and “The Old Capital” with the preceding theories. I regard both protagonists as the exempla of my proposed rhythmic saunterers. Their walking and examination of the memories—including the memories of the cities and themselves—provide the protagonists a way to reconstruct the histories of the city and release themselves from the traumas or the shackles of the past. In the final concluding chapter, I suggest that my urban studies of these two fictions direct me to ponder on my own city and lived experiences. By affirming the importance of personal memories and history in molding representational spaces in these two texts, and by confirming the importance of both walking and rhythms, I attempt to cultivate one possible stance, one achievable approach for us—the younger generation who are different from Chu and who confront more transient changes—in the hope that we may identify ourselves and reconcile with the rapidly changing world (in my case, Taiwan).
There is an indivisible relationship among time, space, and memory, all of which coexist and interact with one another in the city. The city is always plastic and malleable because it is affected not only by the external, developmental forces but also by people’s lived experiences, memories, and histories on the other hand. In Penelope Lively’s ninth novel City of the Mind (1991) and Chu Tien-hsin’s novella “The Old Capital” (1996), both writers concern the issues of time, space, memory, and history in their works. They also feature flâneur narrators who stroll around the cities and display their mental visions of the cities. In my thesis, I aim to use City of the Mind and “The Old Capital” as case studies to examine how people face the cities they live, and verify how time, space, and memory serve as the key points for everyone to build one’s own city of the mind. My thesis consists of five chapters. In the first chapter, I briefly introduce both Lively and Chu, their works City of the Mind and “The Old Capital,” and how their works are possibly impacted by their lives. The second chapter focuses on the theories I apply to my textual analysis, including Henri Lefebvre’s triad of spatial theory and rhythmanalysis, and the figure of the flâneur and his characteristic “walking.” In the third and fourth chapters, I review City of the Mind and “The Old Capital” with the preceding theories. I regard both protagonists as the exempla of my proposed rhythmic saunterers. Their walking and examination of the memories—including the memories of the cities and themselves—provide the protagonists a way to reconstruct the histories of the city and release themselves from the traumas or the shackles of the past. In the final concluding chapter, I suggest that my urban studies of these two fictions direct me to ponder on my own city and lived experiences. By affirming the importance of personal memories and history in molding representational spaces in these two texts, and by confirming the importance of both walking and rhythms, I attempt to cultivate one possible stance, one achievable approach for us—the younger generation who are different from Chu and who confront more transient changes—in the hope that we may identify ourselves and reconcile with the rapidly changing world (in my case, Taiwan).
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Keywords
賴芙莉, 《心城》, 朱天心, 〈古都〉, 列斐伏爾, 漫遊者, 節奏分析, 空間理論, Penelope Lively, City of the Mind, Chu Tien-hsin, "The Old Capital", Henri Lefebvre, flaneur, rhythmanalysis, spatial theory