能玩就盡量玩!國小五年級學生文化之民族誌研究

Abstract

學生在進入學校之後，歷經一段長時間的相處，透過與學校中的老師及同學彼此互動的過程，逐漸形成一套自己所共享的觀念與行動，這套觀念也會影響學生們在學校所採取的行動，此即學生文化。本研究採用民族誌(ethnography)研究，以研究者本身為工具，透過長時間參與觀察、非正式訪談、正式訪談、文件分析等方法，描繪一個五年級班級學生文化之面貌。 經過一年的研究，整理並分析所收集之資料，分別從上課、下課及放學三個時間段落，描述學生的觀念與行動，發現其主要的文化特色為「消極被動的課業文化」及「積極豐富的玩樂文化」。此種學生文化與成績至上的升學主義、不確定的未來有密切關係，也受到階級、性別與社區環境的影響。Students share particular concepts and behavior modes which they form in long- term interaction with their classmates and teachers after entering school. The concepts they share influence the action they take at school and these concepts shape the cultures of the students. This study probes into the student culture of a fifth- grade class on an ethnographic research by means of attentive observations, unofficial interviews, official interviews, and the analysis of documents. After a year of research, it is found that there are three parts of a day for the fifth graders—class time, break time, and the time after school. The followings are the cultural traits of each part. 1. Class time Classes are mostly domintated by school and adults. Students define classes as “pleasant classes” and “unpleasant classes” according to how they feel about the classes. “Pleasant classes” require no exams, emphasizing learning for fun. “Unpleasant classes” are those instructed by strict teachers and based on tedious content, and students need to take exams in these classes. Yet, students try everything they can to enjoy themselves. 2. Break time Most of the students have fun during break time, during which the students’ relationship with their peers is revealed. The influences of social classes and gender are found in the vibrant culture of students’ entertainments. 3. The time after school Half of the students go to after-school classes, and the others go home right after school. It is shown that parental involvement has an influence on the academic performance of all the students.

In conclusion, student life is composed of schoolwork and fun activities. Student culture features doing schoolwork passively and being engaged in fun activities actively. In addition, social classes and gender play a role in student culture.