添加複合奈米機油於四行程機車引擎性能與廢氣排放影響之研究

Abstract

本研究針對四行程機車，添加兩種不同性質之奈米材料(二氧化矽與多壁奈米碳管)於原廠機油中，研究機車在運行時的燃料消耗率(km/L)、溫度特性變化及廢氣污染排放做為實驗成果的效益評估。本研究總共試驗了2.1、2.15、2.2、2.6、2.65與2.7 wt.%的複合奈米機油，最後選定綜效表現較佳的2.65 wt.%複合奈米機油。在磨潤實驗與熱傳導實驗中，複合奈米機油相較於原廠機油，平均降低37.75 %的磨耗量與提升12.3 %的熱傳導係數。在實車實驗中，經市區及定速的行車型態測試下，平均燃油消耗量(km/L)提升了7.5 %。在油門開度50 %的測試下，平路與爬坡(4度坡)車速增加了9.52及8.74 %。在行車測試的溫度量測中，缸壁與機油溫度分別降低6.3 %、6.9 %，排氣溫度上升26.6 %。在廢氣排放量測中，HC與CO總量減少了22.51 %、26.12 %，CO2排放提升了3.89 %，PM值排放在粒徑2 μm以下總量增加了47.34 %。實驗證實複合奈米機油可以提供引擎較佳潤滑與散熱之效果，並從排氣溫度、CO2與PM值的提升可以證實引擎燃燒變得更完全，並降低HC與CO之排放。

In this study, two different types of nanoparticles (SiO2 and MWCNT) were added to the base engine oil (20W40), which using on four-stroke motorcycle. A total of 2.1, 2.15, 2.2, 2.6, 2.65 and 2.7 wt.% of hybrid nano lubricant were tested in this study. Finally, 2.65 wt.% with better comprehensive effect was selected. In the tribology experimental and the thermal conductivity experiment has an average reduction of 37.75 % and 12.3% compared with the base oil. In the vehicle experiment, the average fuel consumption (km/L) increased by 7.5%, and the speed of the flat road and the climbing (four-degree slope) increased by 9.52 and 8.74%. The temperature characteristics during the driving test, the cylinder wall and the oil temperature was reduced by 6.3% and 6.9%, the exhaust temperature was increased by 26.6%. In the exhaust emissions, the total amount of HC and CO decreased by 22.51% and 26.12%, the CO2 emission increased by 3.89%, and the PM value increased by 47.34% under the particle size of 2 μm. Experiments have confirmed that the hybrid nano lubricant can provide better lubrication to make the engine burn more completely and better heat dissipation.