博物館與文化政策-探討臺灣1990年代以降博物館之相關政策與發展
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2011
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地方主義、新政府運動、新博物館學、文化認同、地域振興、多元文化、全球在地化、民眾參與、後現代主義、產業主義、公民主義…等重要文化、社會、經濟等思潮，在近數十年來逐漸興起，影響了各國文化政策擬定之方向與內涵。隨著政策之變革，博物館之發展與經營也開始產生質變。本研究將探討1990年代前後臺灣及世界主要國家文化政策之發展概況、博物館之發展歷程與現況、文化政策對於博物館發展之影響層面、以及未來新時代文化政策取向應該走向何處、博物館又該如何重新界定自我的角色與使命等課題。
從英國、法國、日本、加拿大以及臺灣等國之文化政策與博物館概況中，我們觀察到一個與以往迥然不同的發展趨勢。雖各國有時間上的先後，但其發展趨勢都指向同一個方向。在文化政策上，逐漸走向以地方為政策主軸之思維模式；在博物館發展上，走向地方博物館大量崛起之年代。這樣的政策與博物館發展現象，是與全球重要文化、社會、經濟等思潮有高度相關，也與各國之國情、歷史文化等背景有關。這讓臺灣與其他國家之博物館不得不面臨角色與心態之重新調整，並且需開始兼顧與回應文化層面、社會層面、經濟層面、環境層面等國家整體發展之各項議題與需求。在未來的新時代思維中，「永續發展」、「社會企業」與「文化企業」等概念必須被適度導入文化政策與博物館領域中，才能因應全球快速之變遷與整體社會之所需。
Localism, reinventing government, new museology, cultural identity, regional development, multiculturalism, glocalization, postmodernism, cultural citizenship, cultural industrialism…issues and movements rise in the past decades. Those affect the direction and contents of the government policies; also affect the development of museums in Taiwan and other countries. This paper will analyze the cultural policies and museums development of Taiwan and other main countries before and after 1990s. Hope it will bring out the new era direction of cultural policies. From the circumstances of UK, France, Japan, Canada and Taiwan, we can observe a totally new development trend. ‘Localism’ turns into the core element of the cultural policies. Lots of local museums also emerge in the past decades. This phenomenon is affected by the global cultural, social, economic and ecological trends. Cultural policies and museums are forced to change in response to global social needs and government overall development. In other words, ‘sustainable development ‘, ‘social enterprise’ and ‘cultural enterprise’ should be brought into policy and museum domain in keeping with global movement and trends.
Localism, reinventing government, new museology, cultural identity, regional development, multiculturalism, glocalization, postmodernism, cultural citizenship, cultural industrialism…issues and movements rise in the past decades. Those affect the direction and contents of the government policies; also affect the development of museums in Taiwan and other countries. This paper will analyze the cultural policies and museums development of Taiwan and other main countries before and after 1990s. Hope it will bring out the new era direction of cultural policies. From the circumstances of UK, France, Japan, Canada and Taiwan, we can observe a totally new development trend. ‘Localism’ turns into the core element of the cultural policies. Lots of local museums also emerge in the past decades. This phenomenon is affected by the global cultural, social, economic and ecological trends. Cultural policies and museums are forced to change in response to global social needs and government overall development. In other words, ‘sustainable development ‘, ‘social enterprise’ and ‘cultural enterprise’ should be brought into policy and museum domain in keeping with global movement and trends.
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文化政策, 博物館, 新博物館學, 生態博物館, 永續發展, 社會企業, 地方主義, 地方博物館, Cultural policy, Museum, New Museology, Ecomuseum, Sustainable Development, Social Enterprise, Localism, Local Museum