從政策移轉的觀點探析臺灣跆拳道和舉重之發展-以浪潮計畫為例

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2016

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處在高度重視競技運動表現的時代背景之下,世界各國之間的競技運動競爭日益增加,如何在國際大型運動賽事上奪牌已成為許多國家在運動發展上的主軸。此外,科技時代來臨,國家與國家之間的資訊傳播日趨快速和簡便,使得各國在政策制定上,將已經有成功經驗的國家做為學習和參考對象。據此,本研究以政策移轉理論架構作為分析依據,探討浪潮計畫的發展,並探究其在臺灣跆拳道和舉重培訓計畫之制定和發展情況。研究方法是採用引導式內容分析法和半結構式訪談法。訪談對象主要為浪潮計畫和臺灣跆拳道和舉重培訓計畫形成之相關人員,包含體育署承辦人員和浪潮計畫撰稿委員、中華民國跆拳道和舉重協會相關人員、浪潮計畫培訓選手以及其所屬教練,以及舉重和跆拳道基層訓練站教練。研究結果顯示教育部體育署、中華民國跆拳道協會和舉重協會,在制定浪潮計劃、以及跆拳道和舉重的培訓計畫過程中,僅有政策理念上的移轉,並無實質制度上的移轉。而較多的移轉是發生在一般層級的教練和選手,藉由參與研習會和移地訓練至國外學習他國的技術新知。本研究建議我國可建置各國培訓體制之知識庫、建立制度化的政策移轉網絡以廣納多方意見、以及加強中央體育主關機管與各單項協會之配合。希冀本研究能夠提供臺灣的政府單位未來在制定我國競技運動政策上之參考。
In the era of high sport performance, the elite sport competition is increasing between countries. Therefore, winning medals in international sporting events has gradually become the focus of attention for sports development in many countries. In addition, in the current age of science and technology, the dissemination of information is getting faster and easier between countries. Thus, many nations are trying to learn from world sporting powers when they are making new policies. As mentioned above, the study uses policy transfer as the analytical framework to explore the development of “Langchao jìhua’’ (Wave Program), and the development of training programs for taekwondo and weightlifting in Taiwan. The research methods of this study are based on directed content analysis and semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted with the officials of the Sports Administration, the copywriters of “Langchao jìhua’’, the personnel of the Chinese Taipei Taekwondo Association and the Chinese Taipei weightlifting Association, the athletes and coaches who are in “Langchao jìhua’’, as well as with the coaches of taekwondo and weightlifting basic training stations. The results revealed that the Sports Administration, Ministry of Education, Chinese Taipei Taekwondo Association and Chinese Taipei weightlifting Association only transfer policy ideologies, and they have no real institutional transfer in the processes of making ’’Langchao jìhua’’, and the training programs of taekwondo and weightlifting. To be more precise, the most transfers happen between the coaches and athletes through attending seminars and training abroad. This study suggests that our country could build a knowledge base of the training systems in various countries, establish institutionalized policy transfer networks to solicit different views, as well as strengthening the cooperation between central sports government and sports federations. To an extent, this study may provide our government a guide for making elite sport policies in Taiwan in the future.

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競技運動, 跆拳道, 舉重, 政策移轉, elite sport, taekwondo, weightlifting, policy transfer

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