婦女首次乳房攝影篩檢之自我效能與行為意圖之研究~以臺北市某行政區為例

Abstract

本研究旨在以背景變項、健康信念與自我效能，探討婦女首次參與乳房攝影篩檢之行為意圖分布情形、相關性及各研究變項間對行為意圖的預測力，研究對象為台北某行政區110年度年滿45歲婦女，採線上自填問卷，總共發出140份問卷，有效問卷140份，回收率100%。結果歸納如下:一、研究對象基本人口學變項與對首次乳房攝影篩檢之婦女健康信念模式、自我效能、行為意圖分布情形發現：(一) 自覺乳癌罹患性：研究對象具有較高自覺罹患性認知。(二) 自覺罹患乳癌嚴重性：研究對象自覺罹患乳癌造成健康嚴重影響者傾向同意者居多。(三) 自覺乳房攝影篩檢利益性：研究對象自覺罹患乳癌造成嚴重影響者傾向同意「我覺得定期接受乳房攝影檢查有助於及早治療」為多數。(四) 自覺乳房攝影檢查行動障礙性：研究對象多數認知乳房攝影篩檢的障礙性影響不高。(五) 自覺乳房攝影檢查行動線索：外在線索以「我曾經接到衛生單位的電話或通知，要幫我安排乳房攝影檢查」比率最高佔87.9%；而內在線索以「最近兩年內，我覺得乳房會痛」比率最高為17.10%，顯示研究對象獲得外在線索訊息為最多。(六) 自覺乳房攝影檢查自我效能：研究對象具有乳房攝影篩檢自我效能認知，傾向有一半把握。(七) 自覺乳房攝影篩檢之行為意圖：研究對象傾向兩年內有一半可能性會去做乳房攝影篩檢。二、研究對象背景變項，健康信念及自我效能與行為意圖之關係：對於採取乳房攝影篩檢行為意圖，與自覺篩檢障礙性呈現負相關，與自覺利益性及自我效能呈現顯著正相關。三、研究對象之自覺乳房攝影篩檢自我效能、自覺乳房攝影篩檢利益性、及自覺行動障礙，對乳房攝影篩檢行為意圖具影響力，達顯著差異，共同解釋力為54.4%。而以自覺乳房攝影篩檢自我效能的影響力最大，其次是自覺篩檢利益性。未來醫療院所及基層公共衛生等單位之建議，藉此提高研究對象婦女對乳房攝影首次篩檢的自我效能與行為意圖。關鍵字：乳房攝影篩檢、行為意圖、自我效能、健康信念The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution and correlation of behavioral intentions among women participating in mammography screening for the first time, and the predictive power of each research variable on behavioral intentions based on background variables,health beliefs,and self-efficacy. The research object was an administrative district in Taipei. In 2011, women over the age of 45 used online self-completed questionnaires. A total of 140 questionnaires were sent out, 140 of which were valid, and the recovery rate was 100%. The results are summarized as follows:1.The basic demographic variables of the research subjects and the distribution of women's health belief patterns, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions for the first mammography screening were found: (1)Conscious breast cancer risk: The research subjects have high self-conscious risk cognition. (2)Severity of consciously suffering from breast cancer: Most of the subjects who consciously suffered from breast cancer have serious health impacts tend to agree. (3) Consciousness of the benefits of mammography screening: The majority of the study subjects who consciously suffered from breast cancer and had a serious impact tended to agree that “I think regular mammography examinations are helpful for early treatment”.(4) Conscious mammography screening action obstacles: Most of the research subjects perceive the mammography screening obstacles to have little effect.(5) Conscious action clues for mammography examination: The highest rate of external clues is “I have received a call or notification from the health unit to arrange a mammography examination for me”; while the internal clues are “In the past two years, The highest rate of"I feel breast pain" was 17.10%, indicating that the subjects received the most external cues. (6) Self-efficacy in mammography screening: The research subjects have a perception of mammography screening self-efficacy, and tend to be 50% sure. (7) Behavioural intention of conscious mammography screening: The research subjects tended to be half likely to undergo mammography screening within two years. 2.The background variables of the research object, the relationship between health beliefs and self-efficacy and behavioral intentions:The behavioral intention of taking mammography screening was negatively correlated with perceived barriers to screening, and significantly positively correlated with perceived benefits and self-efficacy.3. Subjects' self-efficacy of mammography screening, self-consciousness of mammography screening benefit, and conscious action disorder have significant influence on mammography screening behavior intention, with a common explanatory power of 54.4%. The self-efficacy of conscious mammography screening was the most influential, followed conscious mammography screening benefit. Based on the conclusions, this study puts forward suggestions for future medical institutions and primary public healthunits, so as to improve the self-efficacy and behavioral intention of the women in the study for the first screening mammography.Keywords: mammography screening, behavioral intent, self-efficacy, health beliefs