不同社經背景母親與子女親子互動探討—以課後活動為例

Abstract

本研究旨在探討在課後活動中，高社經地位與低社經地位家庭之母親與孩子親子互動內涵。研究者以參與觀察的方式在課後時間進入兩個家庭，並以觀察紀錄的方式蒐集資料，試圖在家庭場域的自然脈絡中，瞭解不同背景親子互動之內涵。本研究之研究結果說明如下: 在高社經家庭中，親子互動的特色為:一、以孩子為優先考量。二、視孩子為有能力個體。三、威嚴與親密關係並存。四、正向理性的教養策略。在低社經家庭中，親子互動的特色為:一、媽媽對孩子的付出。二、類平輩的親子關係。三、講求效率的教養策略。此外，本研究也發現高社經家庭和低社經家庭的父親角色、社會網絡及父母為孩子安排活動的差異。最後，依據研究結果提出未來相關研究建議及現場教師之輔導建議。This study investigated the implications of the parent–child interactions of mothers with high and low socioeconomic statuses. Participant observation was adopted as the data collection method in targeting two families during afterschool hours, thus enabling the implications of parent–child interactions of different backgrounds to be examined in a family context. The study showed the following results: In a family with high socioeconomic status, the features of the parent–child interaction involve (a) prioritizing children’s needs, (b) perceiving children as competent individuals, (c) sustaining both an authoritative and an intimate parent–child relationship, and (d) administering positive and rational parenting strategies. In a family with low socioeconomic status, the features of the parent–child interaction comprise (a) a mother’s devotion for her children, (b) a parent–child relationship in which the two entities treat each other equally, and (c) parenting strategies emphasizing efficiency. In addition, this study confirmed that the families with high and low socioeconomic statuses exhibited dissimilar paternal roles, social networks, and parent-arranged child activities. Finally, the study provides suggestions for subsequent studies and teachers providing guidance to their students.