健康促進學校與社區夥伴關係之現況及其相關因素研究

Abstract

本研究為了解國民小學健康促進學校與社區夥伴關係之現況及其相關因素，以台北縣市各公、私立國民小學為研究母群體，依照學校規模分層比例隨機抽樣，共抽出230所學校，以自填結構式問卷由各校推動健康促進學校主要核心人員一人代表填答，共得有效問卷189份，有效回收率82.2%。主要研究結果發現如下： 一、在推動健康促進學校工作時，學校與醫療衛生院所的夥伴關係最好，次之為與家長、村里組織的夥伴關係，與公民營機關之夥伴關係最差。 二、在學校與社區建立夥伴關係的方式上，社區人士參與健康促進相關政策或計畫制定的比率最低；學校與社區共享資源種類以人力居多，依序為物力、財力資源；約五成學校與社區關係為非對等的夥伴關係；夥伴關係建立的困難最主要是學校課程活動緊湊，與他方配合的時間受限。 三、健康促進學校核心人員的個人因素及學校內、外部因素等相關因素，與社區夥伴關係現況五個面向(對象總數、關係建立方式的總分、共享資源總數、關係互動的總分、關係滿意度)皆有顯著相關之變項為家長參與意願、社區可運用的資源總數；與其中四個面向皆有顯著相關之變項為對社區的了解程度、主要推動人力數、學校同仁的了解程度、學校同仁的支持程度、社區領袖參與意願。 四、各相關因素對學校與社區夥伴關係五大面向的解釋變異量分別為49.7%、56.1%、43.5%、30.3%、35.9%。

根據研究結果，建議增加社區人士參與學校事務的機會，把健康促進活動納入學校年度行程，並建議教育、衛生機關設立獎勵辦法鼓勵學校人員參加健康促進研習活動，藉以提升其對健康促進學校的了解及支持程度，建置社區資源運用的資訊平台以增加其對社區的了解程度，如此有助於學校與社區夥伴關係的建立，將使健康促進工作推動更具成效。The purpose of this study was to investigate health promoting school -community partnership at present and relevant factors in elementary schools. A Total of 230 schools were selected from public and private elementary schools in Taipei area by using classified random sampling according to school size. Subsequently, a total of 189 questionnaires with 82.2% response rate were completed by the major school health administrators. Results of this study were as follows:

1.In terms of category of community groups, the partnership between schools and medical services was the best, followed by that between schools and parents, schools and community organizations, and the least was the partnership between schools and other public, private organizations.

2.About the building method of school-community partnership ,the rate of inviting communities for establishing in health promotion policies or programs was the fewest. In terms of shared resources of school- community resources, the most one was human resources, followed by material and financial resource. About 50% of the school and community partnerships were not equal. Schools have numerous activities was the major difficulties collaborated with each other.

3.In terms of the variables considered in this study, the willingness of parents and the amount of available resources in community were significant correlation with the five dimensions of the school and community partnership (the amount of objects, the partnership-building score, the amount of shared resources, the partnership-interaction score, and the degree of satisfaction with the partnership). Moreover, variables included the understanding degree of communities, the amount of manpower, the support /understanding degree of school personnel, the willingness of community leaders were significant correlation with four of the five aforementioned dimensions.

4.The explained variances of relevant factors for five dimensions of the school and community partnership respectively were 49.7%, 56.1%, 43.5%, 30.3%, and 35.9%.

Based on the results, it is suggested that more should be done to involve communities in school affairs.Specifically, health-promoting activities should be included as part of school's annual schedule. In addition, the education or health authorities should provide incentives to encourage school staffs to participate in health promotion training activities in order to enhance their understanding and their support of the health promoting school. Last but not least, we should build the IT platform of community resources to enhance their understanding of communities. These ways are helpful to build the school-community partnership, and further make health promotion works more effectively.