解讀少年的自我統合與追尋—一個少年小說閱讀討論會的質性研究

Abstract

研究者藉由少年小說的教學活動帶領六位14歲的少年進行六本少年小說的閱讀、分享並對其作訪談活動，以圖瞭解其自我統合的形成與相關概念，並探討其閱讀歷程。其理論基礎為Erikson之心理社會學派與讀者反應理論、社會建構論等。本研究目的主要為探究少年閱讀少年小說之成長反思的歷程以及瞭解少年如何解讀自我的生命歷程。研究者經由閱讀討論會之形式，以互為主體性的對話幫助研究者本身與青少年相互瞭解，並梳理成兩方面的研究結論。其一，閱讀小說的觀想與意義。在閱讀的過程中，討論者傾向於以主題、人物、情節與環境去幫助自己建立觀想世界，並且反思自己的生命經驗。討論者在解讀文本時，不僅會以建立假設、預測、具象化的方式建立其觀想世界，更常以自己主觀的經驗詮釋文本的意義。其二，自我統合的意義彰顯。自我統合之意義彰顯可分為自我概念的建立、人際關係的建構與價值觀的建立三方面，茲縷述如下： （一）自我概念的建立 1.在生涯規劃與能力感上，少年深受家庭與同儕關係的影響，並且不斷地在順從父母價值觀與個人意向之中掙扎。 2.在自我意象的建構上，少年會傾向於以性格的描述和鏡中自我去建構自己的存在價值。 3.在角色期待之中，父母、同儕與自己對自己的角色期待往往會互相衝突。 （二） 人際關係的建構 在人際關係的建構上，是否能從父母、同儕身上得到情感的支持與同理的瞭解是少年關心的重點。 （三） 價值觀的建立 1. 對於社會正義的解讀，討論者認為社會正義是存在的，但是否能實現則取決於當事人的勇氣。 2. 對於成長過程的解讀，討論者會分享看到的、聽到的成長過程。 3. 對於家庭關係的解讀，討論者認為家庭關係並非完美，但是會承認傳統的存在，並且認為家庭以愛為聯繫的工具。 4. 對於性別、種族、弱勢族群的解讀，討論者已經跳脫其性別刻板印象的框架，並反對標籤作用的存在。This is a qualitative study about young adult’s ego identity which could be manifested by teaching of young adult fictions. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher designed a teaching program based on psychosocial approach and Reader-Response Theory (RRT). In this program, six 14-year-old young adults were arranged to share their life stories, their thoughts about the fictions, and their reflections about values and families.

According to the findings, the conclusions are as follows:

1. In literature discussion, young adults would like to focus on themes, plots, characters, and circumstances of the fictions. They used them to analyze the texts and create concretization. 2. In the construction of ego identity, young adults would be influnced by their parents and the value of peer groups. They also needed affective support and their feelings to be understanded. 3. In the expression of self images, they tended to describe their personalities and looking-glass self. 4. In the refection of the relationships with their family members, the young adults recognized their parents were imperfect. Therefore, they still admitted most of the family relationships were constructed with love and care. 5. During the formation of their life stories, the young adults have experienced the bitterness and happiness of the struggles after they grew up. 6. During the formation of values, the young adults admitted the existence of justice, but how to realize ideal world still depends on people’s courage. On the other hand, they also tried hard to resist the existence of labeling and sexual discrimination.