台北市國中生休閒活動對身體意象影響之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國中生休閒活動對身體意象影響之研究，以台北市九十四學年度七、八年級之全體學生為研究母群體，採多階段分層隨機抽樣，共獲得有效問卷1018份。本研究以「身體意象量表」、「休閒活動量表」、「重要他人對自身外表的評價量表」為研究工具。所得資料以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾遜積差相關、階層複迴歸等統計方法進行分析。歸納結果如下：

一、研究樣本參與休閒活動之類型，以娛樂性的休閒活動所佔比率最高，其次為體能性及知識性之休閒活動，較少參與社交服務性、藝文性的休閒活動。 二、男生對自己的外表評價最差，健康評價最好，重視體能鍛練；女生對自己的外表、體能評價普遍較低，對健康評價最好，較重視外表的裝扮，覺得自己過重，擔心自己變胖，比男生重視體重的變化。就身體各部位的滿意度來看，男、女生對於健康、臉部較滿意，對身高及體重較不滿意。 三、較常從事休閒活動者，對於自己的外表、體能、健康有較好的評價，較滿意度身體各部位；另外，對於身材外表的修飾較重視，主動培養良好的體能，追求健康的身體。 四、在乎重要他人對自身外表的評價者，對自我的外表有較高的評價，重視外表的打扮及健康生活的要求，較關心體重的變化，且自認為體重較重。 五、整體而言，個人背景因素方面，以性別、身體質量指數對身體意象最具預測力，其次為身體發展成熟度、家庭社經地位、年級；休閒活動方面，以體能性休閒活動對身體意象最具預測力，其次為知識性、娛樂性、社交服務休閒活動；藝文性休閒活動則不具預測力；在重要他人評價方面，父母評價、同儕評價對身體意象皆具有預測力。

The object of the study is to discuss that leisure activities influence on body image of students in junior high school in Taipei City. Participants of the research are from the whole seventh and eighth graders in 1995. A total of effective questionnaires is 1018, which is by random sampling in several times and levels. The measurements of the research consist of body image、leisure activity、the important people judging by appearance. Data is analyzed by statistics which include frequency description、t-test、One-way ANOVA、Pearson product-moment correlation、Hierarchical Regression.

The results indicated that: 1. The types of leisure activities are ranked according to percentage of participation of students. Entertainment activities are ranked the highest, followed by sports activities and knowledge activities, while social work and arts activities the lowest.

2. Male students care about physical training. They are satisfied with their health, and displeased with their appearances. Female students are satisfied with their health, and displeased with their appearances and physical agility. They care about their appearances and worry about overweight and chubbiness. The female are more concerned about their weight than the male. As regards each part of body, all students are satisfied with their health and faces, and displeased with their height and weight.

3. Students who are active to take part in leisure activities are more satisfied with their appearances、physical agility、health and each part of body than the passive students. Moreover, the active students care about improving their figure shapes、training physical agility and keeping healthy body.

4. Students who are concerned that the important people judge by appearances are more satisfied with their appearances. They care about their appearances、healthy lives and weight. They consider that they are overweight.

5. On the whole, there are many reasons to cause leisure activities influence on body image of students. The forecasting reasons concerning background of students are sex, BMI, maturity of body, Social and economic rank of family, and grade, ranking from the most to the least. Moreover, the forecasting reasons concerning types of leisure activities are sports, knowledge, entertainment and social work, ranking from the most to the least. Arts activities do not act as a forecast. Finally, judgments from important people such as parents and peer can forecast body image.