從農業作物變遷看三芝鄉村發展

Abstract

當代鄉村基於各鄉村資源、社會條件的不同，在國家政治、經濟、社會結構轉變下發展出多元、分殊化的鄉村。本研究選定新北市三芝區，藉由鄉村發展理論的三個機制：商品化、政策去調節與再調節、網絡行動者空間，探究機制如何影響日治時期至今(2011年)三芝主要作物的變遷，並且如何進一步形塑三芝的鄉村發展。 研究發現從日治時期迄今，隨著農業政策轉變，過去主要生產水稻與茶的三芝區，在受到政策方針由生產到非以生產為本位的調節影響下，轉為生產茭白筍與甘藷。而商品的轉換過程中，水利相關建設、組織發生變化，同時也使原本農民的產銷社會關係網絡出現改變，並且從原本生產稻、茶相關的農事組織，轉變為強調銷售的新興產銷班組織。同時，農民與農會的關係越趨緊密，形成組織獨大、依賴集中化的現象。由於日治時期為生產至上的發展背景，因此當時出現大面積、大規模的土地生產，然現今在非以生產為本位的引導下，僅小規模、小面積的耕種茭白筍與甘藷，透過地方產業與鄉村景緻的結合，發展觀光農園、鄉村旅遊、民宿等遊憩型態，創造新的鄉村附加價值，因此出現從銷售農產品到販售整體鄉村的商品化過程。除此之外，三芝藉銷售農作物：水稻與茶到海外，本身鄉村已納入全球體系，但當主要作物的生產轉為茭白筍與甘藷後，銷售範圍縮減台灣北部區域，三芝的在地性質愈趨強烈。 整體而言，透過此理論概念中商品化、調節、網絡三者間的相互影響重組，可較全面性地了解三芝主要農作物的變遷，以及三芝鄉村現今發展的動態形塑歷程。

In recent years, with the country's political, economic, social and structural have changed, the contemporary rural become diverse and differentiated in appearance. In this study I selected the New Taipei City Sanzhi District and by the three mechanisms of rural development theory: arenas of commoditization, deregulation and regulation, networks and actor spaces to explore how did these mechanism affect the changes of main crops from period of Japanese occupation to the present (2011), and how to shape the rural development of Sanzhi District.

The study found that so far from the period of Japanese occupation, the past production of rice and tea has changed into water bamboo and sweet potato because of the policy guidelines from production to non-production-based regulation under the influence. The agricultural commodity productions changed have led the water conservancy organizations and the original organization of the production and marketing of social relation networks changed. In addition, the relationships between farmers and farmers' associations grew closer and closer. Farmers became more relied on the farmers' associations. Nowadays, land for agricultural production using of Sanzhi are small-scale and residents become to combine the rural scenery to develop the rural tourism, agricultural park. Therefore, Sanzhi not only sale it’s agricultural products but also sale the whole rural. Further, the nature of Sanzhi rural began to change.

In sum, we can have a more comprehensive understanding of the changes of major crops in Sanchih and its dynamic shaping process through this theoretical concept of arenas of commoditization, deregulation and regulation, networks and actor spaces among restructuring.