體育改革之路「協」不「邪」：於國民體育法中訂定特定體育團體專章歷程

Abstract

特定體育團體作為受國際單項運動總會及國家奧會認可的全國性社會團體，不僅是國內運動發展的樞紐，更肩負國家代表隊培訓、遴選及參賽事務，兼具推廣運動風氣、舉辦賽事、培育運動人才等多重角色，然而過去運作卻時有爭議。2017年我國於國民體育法訂定特定體育團體專章，以較高密度對其進行管理。本研究旨在探討本政策當時推動的原因，及政策推動過程中受到哪些因素影響。研究採用半結構式訪談及內容分析法，以Kingdon (1984) 多元流程模式為分析架構，深入探究政策形成的過程。研究發現，本次政策變遷源自2016年里約奧林匹克運動會期間引發的焦點事件，透過問題流中的客觀指標、專家意見與民眾反饋，系統性揭露特定體育團體的結構性問題。政治流呈現高度共識與去政治化特質，在蔡英文總統、行政院及立法委員的政治資源支持下，加上體育改革聯會的適時介入，以及民意輿論的推動，促使政策流最終選擇修改國體法作為政策工具。過程中，蔡英文總統及黃國書立法委員擔任政策企業家角色，成功整合各方立場，促成於2017年8月31日完成修法。研究結論指出，政策變遷關鍵在於問題建構的社會動態性、跨黨派政治共識、政策社群理性協商，以及政策企業家的關鍵作用。建議未來應持續提升組織治理透明度及運作專業性，並建立持續監督機制，以確保特定體育團體治理的民主性與專業性。This study examines the policy formation of the Specified Sports Organizations (SSOs) chapter in the National Sports Act. SSOs, recognized by International Sports Federations and the National Olympic Committee, play a key role in domestic sports development, national team affairs, sports promotion, event organization, and athlete cultivation, yet their operations have been contentious. In 2017, Taiwan amended the Act to enhance oversight. Using semi-structured interviews and content analysis, this study applies Kingdon’s (1984) Multiple Streams Framework to analyze the policy change, triggered by focusing events during the 2016 Rio Olympics that exposed structural issues through objective indicators, expert opinions, and public feedback. The political stream showed high consensus and depoliticization, driven by support from President Tsai Ing-Wen, the Executive Yuan, legislators, and the Sports Reform Alliance, alongside public and media pressure, leading to legislative amendments. President Tsai and legislator Huang Kuo-Shu acted as policy entrepreneurs, ensuring the amendment’s completion on August 31, 2017. The study highlights the role of problem construction, cross-partisan consensus, policy community deliberation, and policy entrepreneurs, emphasizing the need for transparency, professional governance, and continuous oversight of SSOs.