利用Go-Lab線上探究式平台探討小學生自我調節、自我效能、表情符和領域知識之間的關係

Abstract

全球許多國家的課程標準中都提到探究式學習的重要性，探究式學習強調讓學生主動參與；然而，根據之前的研究，學生必須在具有充分支持的情況下進行有效的探究式學習，如果沒有適當的支持結構，學生在探究式學習上將面臨挑戰。因此，探究式學習應該要為學習者建立合適的鷹架，以提高學習效率、達成有效學習。過去的研究顯示，具有較高自我調節能力學生，更可能有較高的探究能力；另外，學生的自我效能信念亦會影響他們的學業成績，對自己的能力有高度自信的學生，會願意完成具有挑戰性的任務，流露出較低的焦慮感，也能更準確地自我評估自己的表現。本研究旨在探討國小生利用Go-Lab平臺進行探究式學習，對於自我調節、自我效能、表情符，與領域知識之關係。研究者利用Go-Lab平臺的優勢，在探究學習空間中設計「自然與生活科技領域-水溶液的酸鹼度」課程單元活動，其中包含兩個不同版本（結構化、引導式）的學習環境讓學生自行操作，並利用表情符瞭解學生的心情，以探討探究式學習對於自我調節、自我效能、表情符與領域知識之關係。研究方法採用準實驗設計法及問卷調查法，施測對象為小學五年級的學生，研究參與者預計有四個班級，共101位學童。其中兩個班級的學生體驗結構化探究式學習版本，另外兩個班級的學生體驗引導式探究式學習版本，學生須在課程前、後完成領域知識測驗；此外，研究者設計問卷內容，包括：教師對學生自我調節能力的評估、學生對自我調節以及自我效能的自評。學生在完成三項探究任務後及結論部分，都必須分別勾選表情符。研究結果用以瞭解體驗不同版本的學生學習進步情形，以及不同自我調節、自我效能與心情的學生之學習成效。 研究結果顯示，本研究設計的探究模組有助於學生的領域知識，尤其是低先驗知識的學生。其中，無論高、低自我效能，抑或高、低自我調節能力的學生，在體驗結構化探究學習後皆有顯著進步。引導式探究學習，則適合用在高自我調節能力的學生，但對於探究活動前自我效能較低的學生則沒有明顯的學習助益。此外，本研究亦發現，學生的心情好壞，會影響其領域知識。心情好的學生，領域知識也較佳。相較於引導式探究學習，心情差以及高先驗知識的學生在結構化探究學習中會有較大的進步幅度。結構化的探究式學習亦有助於提高學生的自我效能，進而使學生有較佳的心情。研究結果可作為未來探究教學設計上與實施的參考依據。The importance of inquiry-based learning is mentioned in the curriculum standards of many countries around the world. Inquiry-based learning emphasizes the active participation of students; however, according to previous research, students must carry out effective inquiry-based learning with sufficient support. Without a proper support structure, students will face challenges in inquiry-based learning. Therefore, inquiry-based learning should establish a suitable scaffold for learners to improve learning efficiency and achieve effective learning. Past studies have shown that students with higher self-regulation skills are more likely to have higher inquiry skills; in addition, students’ self-efficacy beliefs will also affect their academic performance, and students who are highly confident in their own abilities will be willing to complete Challenging tasks, showing a lower sense of anxiety, but also more accurate self-assessment of their own performance.This research aims to explore the relationship between self-regulation, self-efficacy, moods, and learning performance of elementary school students using the Go-Lab platform for inquiry-based learning. Researchers use the advantages of the Go-Lab platform to design the course unit activities of"Science and Technology-pH of Aqueous Solutions" in the exploring learning space , which includes two different versions (structured and open) of the learning environment for students to independently operation, and use smileyometer to understand students' mood, so as to explore the relationship between inquiry-based learning on self-regulation, self-efficacy, moods and learning performance. The research method adopts the quasi-experimental design method and the questionnaire survey method. Thetest objects are the fifth grade students of the primary school. The research participants are expected to have four classes with a total of 101 schoolchildren. Students in two of the classes experience the structured inquiry-based learning version, and students in the other two classes experience the open inquiry-based learning version. Students are required to complete a domain knowledge test before and after the course; in addition, the researcher designed the content of the questionnaire, including: Teachers' evaluation of students' self-regulation ability, students' self-evaluation of self-regulation and self-efficacy. Students must tick the smileyometer after completing the three inquiry tasks and in the conclusion section. The results of the study were used to understand the learning progress of students who experienced different versions, as well as the learning effectiveness of students with different self-regulation, self-efficacy and moods. The results of the study show that the inquiry module designed in this study can help students' learning performance, especially those with low prior knowledge. Among them, students with high and low self-efficacy, or high and low self-regulation ability, have made significant progress after experiencing structured inquiry-based learning version. Open inquiry-based learning version is suitable for students with high self-regulation ability, but there is no obvious learning benefit for students with low self-efficacy before inquiry activities. In addition, this study also found that students' mood will affect their learning performance. Students who are in a good mood also perform better in learning. Compared with the open inquiry-based learning version, students with poor mood and high prior knowledge will have a greater improvement in structured inquiry-based learning. Structured inquiry-based learning version also helps improve students' self-efficacy, which in turn makes students feel better. The research results can be used as a reference for the design and implementation of future inquiry teaching.