戰火餘光：探究以金門戰地文化為主題之圖畫書的文化真實性

Abstract

金門曾因兩岸對峙躍上世界冷戰舞台，經歷無數戰火洗禮，形塑戰地文化的鮮明特色。而圖畫書作為教師的教學資源與幼兒的常見讀物，圖畫書所描繪的戰地文化將影響幼兒如何認識自我與理解他人。據此動機，本研究旨在探討圖畫書對金門戰地文化的描繪，及其文化真實性的表現。以質性內容分析法探究6本以金門戰地文化為主題的圖畫書，藉由剖析其中的圖畫、文字與圖文關係，經資料沉浸、內容編碼及意義詮釋的過程，所得的研究結果如下：

在文化描繪方面，圖畫書豐富描繪金門、臺灣與中國大陸的複雜關係，體現金門在戰時積極與消極的防禦工事和反應作為，展示1992年後金門戰地文化的多面向轉變，突顯人們重視親情和友情的精神，且會善用金門獨特的自然生態加以敘說戰地故事。 在文化真實性方面，圖畫書的文化描繪具文化真實性，超越了表淺的文化層次，且大多數圖畫書含有一定的準確性、合理性與代表性。故事不僅以多種角度描繪金門的戰地文化，更反映了歷史事件與政治議題，擴展幼兒對自身背景與地方文化的理解。而針對圖畫書的代表性，可再補充的金門戰地文化經驗分別是民防自衛隊的女性角色、軍管下民間社會的集體記憶、軍人的戰地生活與後續發展。此外，研究亦發現，圖畫書在文化真實性的表現會受創作技法與審閱品質影響，且具文化真實性的圖畫書與創作者對該文化的深度理解較有關。

最後根據研究結果，對幼兒園教師、圖畫書創作者與出版者、未來研究提出學術與實務之建議，期望讓教育工作與資源更貼近幼兒實際經驗及需求。

Quemoy was a hotspot during the Cold War due to hostility between Taiwan and China. It experienced extensive warfare, and has created a unique battlefield culture. Picture books, as a teaching resource and common reader for children, and the battlefield culture they portray influence how children understand themselves and others. This study aims to explore how picture books describe battlefield culture in Quemoy, and their presentations in cultural authenticity. Six picture books about battlefield culture in Quemoy are studied with qualitative content analysis to learn about pictures, texts and their relationships. After data immersion, content coding, and meaning interpretation processes, results are as follows. In cultural profiling, picture books describe complicated relationships among Quemoy, Taiwan, and China, and embody active and passive defense works and responses in Quemoy during wartime. They exhibit multiple changes in battlefield culture after 1992, highlight family bonds and friendship, and tell battlefield stories with extraordinary ecosystems in Quemoy. These picture books are culturally authentic beyond superficial cultural levels. Most picture books are precise, reasonable, and representative. These stories not only describe battlefield culture in Quemoy from multiple perspectives, reflect historical incidents and political issues, but also expand children’s understandings on personal background and local culture. For representation in picture books, supplementary battlefield culture experiences include female roles in civil defense units, collective civil society memories under military management, and life on the battlefield and subsequent development for servicemen. The study also discovers that picture books and their cultural authenticity are influenced by creative techniques and reviewing quality. Picture books and creators with cultural authenticity tend to understand that particular culture more deeply. Based on these results, the study offers academic and practical suggestions to kindergarten teachers, picture book creators, publishers, and future studies, with the hope that education and resources will be closer to actual experiences and needs of children.