台北市某國中學生運動社會心理、身體意象與規律運動行為之相關研究
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2006
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Abstract
本研究的目的主要是想了解台北市國中生運動社會心理、身體意象與規律運動行為的現況，並探討規律運動行為與個人背景、運動社會心理和身體意象間的關係。以九十四學年度就讀於台北市某國中七、八年級學生為對象，採分層集束抽樣法選出12班，採結構式問卷，團體自填方式收集資料，有效樣本377人，回收率98.95％。所得資料以百分比、平均值、t檢定、卡方檢定、邏輯斯迴歸等統計方法進行分析。重要發現歸納如下：
一、研究對象有規律運動的比率為59.9％，男生顯著高於女生。
二、研究對象的運動自我效能和運動社會支持偏低、具有中間偏高的知覺運動利益和運動享樂感，知覺運動障礙屬於中等。
三、研究對象的身體意象呈現中間偏正向的情形，其七層面中以健康適應得分最高，而外表評價得分最低。
四、規律運動者的運動自我效能、知覺運動利益、運動社會支持和運動享樂感均高於無規律運動者；無規律運動者的知覺運動障礙則高於有規律運動者。
五、規律運動者的外表評價、體能評價、體能適應、健康評價、健康適應及身體滿意度均高於無規律運動者。有規律運動的女生較注重自己的外表，會利用運動來修飾自己的外表；有規律運動的男生對自己外表和健康的感覺較正向，對自己身體的各部位也較滿意。
六、體能適應、運動自我效能和知覺運動利益是全體學生從事規律運動的重要預測因素。運動自我效能可有效預測男生的規律運動行為（OR=3.09）；家中運動設施（OR=1.15）和健康適應（OR=1.96）是女生規律運動行為的預測因子。
根據研究結果，建議應在教育實務中提升國中生運動自我效能、運動社會支持，降低知覺運動障礙，且重視男女學生運動特性差異，透過健康與體育課程的設計，培養學生正向的身體意象，以養成國中生規律運動行為。
The purpose of this study was to investigate the exercise psychosocial factors, body image and regular exercise behavior of the junior high school students in Taipei, and to explore the correlates of demographic characteristics, exercise psychosocial variable and body image variable in relation to regular exercise behavior. By using a stratified cluster sampling method, 377 valid samples（response rate 98.95%）of the seventh and eighth grade students in Taipei were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with t test, chi-square test and logistic regression. The main results of this research were summarized as follows: 1.59.9% of the subjects did regular exercise. Male’s regular exercise rate was higher than female’s. 2.The subject’s perceived self-efficacy for exercise and exercise social support were in lower level, perceived benefits for exercise and sport enjoyment were in higher level, and perceived barriers for exercise were in average level. 3.According to the body image questionnaire, the level of the subject’s body-image was above average. Among the seven categories of factors on the questionnaire , health orientation is the most positive one, and appearance evaluation is the most negative one. 4.Self-efficacy for exercise, perceived benefits for exercise, exercise social support and sport enjoyment of the subjects with regular exercise were higher than those of the subjects with no regular exercise. On the other hand, the perceived barriers for exercise of the subjects without regular exercise were higher than that of the subjects with regular exercise. 5.The body image of the subjects with regular exercise was higher than that of the subjects without regular exercise, as shown in the following categories: appearance, physical and health evaluated, physical orientation, health orientation and body areas satisfaction. Female students’ concerns about the appearance were associated with regular exercise. Male students’ evaluations of their own appearance, health, and body areas satisfaction were positively correlated with regular exercise. 6.Physical orientation, perceived self-efficacy for exercise and perceived benefits for exercise were significant predictors of regular exercise behavior. Male students’ most important predictor of regular exercise was perceived self-efficacy. However, the number of home sport equipment and health orientation were the important factors of regular exercise behavior for female students. Based on these results, it was suggested that enhancing perceived self-efficacy for exercise and exercise social support, eliminating perceived barriers for exercise, and attaching importance to male and female exercise differences, and the design of Health and Physical Education courses, all these should be done to develop the positive body image and the regular exercise behavior of junior high school students.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the exercise psychosocial factors, body image and regular exercise behavior of the junior high school students in Taipei, and to explore the correlates of demographic characteristics, exercise psychosocial variable and body image variable in relation to regular exercise behavior. By using a stratified cluster sampling method, 377 valid samples（response rate 98.95%）of the seventh and eighth grade students in Taipei were surveyed with a self-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed with t test, chi-square test and logistic regression. The main results of this research were summarized as follows: 1.59.9% of the subjects did regular exercise. Male’s regular exercise rate was higher than female’s. 2.The subject’s perceived self-efficacy for exercise and exercise social support were in lower level, perceived benefits for exercise and sport enjoyment were in higher level, and perceived barriers for exercise were in average level. 3.According to the body image questionnaire, the level of the subject’s body-image was above average. Among the seven categories of factors on the questionnaire , health orientation is the most positive one, and appearance evaluation is the most negative one. 4.Self-efficacy for exercise, perceived benefits for exercise, exercise social support and sport enjoyment of the subjects with regular exercise were higher than those of the subjects with no regular exercise. On the other hand, the perceived barriers for exercise of the subjects without regular exercise were higher than that of the subjects with regular exercise. 5.The body image of the subjects with regular exercise was higher than that of the subjects without regular exercise, as shown in the following categories: appearance, physical and health evaluated, physical orientation, health orientation and body areas satisfaction. Female students’ concerns about the appearance were associated with regular exercise. Male students’ evaluations of their own appearance, health, and body areas satisfaction were positively correlated with regular exercise. 6.Physical orientation, perceived self-efficacy for exercise and perceived benefits for exercise were significant predictors of regular exercise behavior. Male students’ most important predictor of regular exercise was perceived self-efficacy. However, the number of home sport equipment and health orientation were the important factors of regular exercise behavior for female students. Based on these results, it was suggested that enhancing perceived self-efficacy for exercise and exercise social support, eliminating perceived barriers for exercise, and attaching importance to male and female exercise differences, and the design of Health and Physical Education courses, all these should be done to develop the positive body image and the regular exercise behavior of junior high school students.
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國中生, 規律運動, 運動社會心理, 身體意象, junior high school students, regular exercise behavior, exercise psychosocial factor, body image