【退休後的幸福】：退休者生活幸福感發展經驗之敘事研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究退休者於退休生活中發展出生活幸福感的經驗，以及退休生活幸福感內涵。本研究採用敘事研究法，研究者參考文獻資料後依據研究目的與問題設計出半結構式的訪談大綱，邀請四位研究參與者與研究者進行深度訪談。後續將訪談資料以「整體—內容」以及「類別—內容」的分析模式進行分析。本研究的結果如以下幾點：（一）退休者生活幸福感發展經驗與退休適應歷程交織。退休者在退休後會經歷各自退休適應的歷程，重新適應新的生活模式與生活角色。而退休生活幸福感的發展歷程會受到生活中發生的事件而起伏，當退休者面臨生活挑戰、感受到威脅或困境時，幸福感受會降低，反之，若生活中發生對退休者具有美好意義的事件時，退休者感受到的幸福感會增加。（二）退休生活幸福感發展經驗具獨特性與主觀性。退休者們依循過往的生命經驗以及內外在狀態各自發展出獨特的退休生活樣貌，幸福感發展經驗也因此不同，不僅發展經驗不同，退休者對於幸福感內涵的定義也有個別主觀的見解。（三）退休生活幸福感內涵可歸納為六大類別。分別為：「基本生活需求」、「關係連結」、「休閒與學習」、「正向的人格特質」、「內在覺察」、「心靈富足」。在每一類別中又分別包含更加細膩、多元的層次。本研究藉著上述幾點研究結論，探究退休者如何在退休後的適應歷程中發展出各自獨特的幸福感經驗以及幸福感內涵。期能提供在思考或面臨退休生活的讀者以及相關政府單位、助人工作者參考。關鍵詞：退休、退休者、退休適應歷程、幸福感The study aims to explore retirees’ experiences of well-being in retired life and the connotations of a happy retirement.In the study, a narrative research is adopted. The researcher designed a semi-structured interview outline based on research purposes and questions after carrying out a literature review, and then conducted an in-depth interview with four participants. Lastly, an analysis was performed on the interview data through holistic-content perspective and categorical-content perspective.The results of the study revealed the following points: (1) The retirees’ experiences of well-being development is intertwined with the processes of adjustment to retirement. A retiree undergoes the process of adjusting to retirement and readjusting to a new life style and role. The development of well-being in retired life fluctuates in accordance with the events encountered in life. When a retiree is faced with challenges, threats or difficulties, a decrease in happiness will be seen. Contrarily, happiness increases when nice events happen to a retiree. (2) The development of well-being in retirement is unique and subjective. Retirees develop distinctive retired life styles following past life experiences and internal and external states. The development of well-being in retirement is, therefore, different. Furthermore, retirees bear subjective views about the connotation of a happy retirement. (3) The connotation of happy retirement can be classified into six categories, which are basic living needs, interpersonal relations, leisure and study, positive personality traits, self-awareness and spiritual abundance. In each category, more exquisite and diverse details are further addressed.As the findings suggest, the study investigated how retirees develop distinctive well-being experiences and happy retirement connotations in adjustment to retirement, in the hope to propose suggestions for those considering or faced with retirement, relevant government agencies and professional helpers.Keywords: retiree, retirement, the processes of adjustment to retirement, well-being