《冬之旅》：舒伯特的送葬進行曲

Abstract

《冬之旅》(Winterreise, D. 911)是舒伯特(Franz Schubert, 1797-1828)步入生命末年的成熟之作，整部作品不僅充份表達詩意，亦深刻地透露出作曲家自知死之將至的沉重心情。在《冬之旅》中，舒伯特利用循環節奏型組成數種不同的節奏模式，貫穿整組聯篇歌曲。這些循環節奏型具有送葬進行曲的典型特徵，由循環節奏型所構成的節奏模式，其結構亦來自真正的送葬進行曲。反覆出現的送葬節奏不僅讓整部作品具有同一性，更使失戀的旅人在歌詞的暗示下朝生命的終點走去。本文以《冬之旅》中三拍子的樂曲作為分析主體，先探討送葬節奏的呈現與應用，再透過比較節奏特徵，找出與其他送葬進行曲之間的互文性，最後再從舒伯特的生平，揭示《冬之旅》採用送葬節奏的特殊意義。

Winter Journey (Winterreise, D. 911) is Schubert’s masterpiece composed near the end of his life. The song cycle not only expresses the beauty of poetry, but also reveals the melancholy that the composer immersed in knowing his own death is imminent. In Winter Journey, Schubert used several cyclic rhythms, which appeared in different patterns and recurred throughout the whole piece. These cyclic rhythms demonstrate the characteristics of a funeral march, and are structured upon the models of a typical funeral march. The repetition of the funeral rhythm not only renders a sense of unity to the whole work, but also reinforces the idea of the journey towards the end of life for the heartbroken wanderer expressed in the lyrics. This article analyzes the triple metre songs in Winter Journey by investigating the figuration and application of funereal rhythm within the work, comparing them with other funeral march to uncover the intertexuality, and exploring the implications of the funeral rhythm from a biographical perspective.