莫克西的異時性與全球藝術史觀之研究

Abstract

藝術史的書寫往往仰賴一種普遍的風格辨識取得時間感和歷史分類，因此藝術作品長期以來被視為物件，按照風格、地域、年代被放置在所屬的類別和框架，然而當代藝術的出現打破了過往既定認知的線性史觀，我們面對的是一個沒有特定風格，同時時序混亂的時代。藝術史學家莫克西認為現代主義線性時間的停止提供的是一個機會，讓藝術史學家回過頭審視過往的歷史書寫方式，重新檢視長期主導過去，同時也持續影響現在的權威典範，莫克西認為，既然現代主義的時間是多元的，在不同地理區域有不同快慢的時間流逝，那麼歷史書寫也不應該只有單純存在一種過去、現在、未來的解釋方法。莫克西進一步指出，圖像轉向的趨勢是當今藝術史學家必須面對的問題，我們身處在圖像的時代，過去以文字為主片面地將圖像馴服在不同歷史時間段的方式有所限制，莫克西提出時代錯置理論，加以闡釋圖像本身作為活生生的生命體，具有主動邀請觀者感受、詮釋的力量，因此面對圖像，歷史學家需要更多的解釋方法，在意識到異時性與時代錯置這兩點之後，歷史才能進一步的書寫下去，也才能更真實的反應當代多元發展的全球藝術表現。

History writing greatly relies on a general artistic style in order to periodize and categorize art. Therefore, artwork has long been categorized into its’ separate time frame based on styles, locations and years accordingly. Contemporary art not only breaks free of the linear historical progress, but also lacks a specific art style, history writing is then confronted with the problem of time confusion. Historian Keith Moxey indicates that the cessation of modernism's linear time provides us with an opportunity to ponder about the Western canonical accounts of the recent past, as well as of the present. Moxey points out that if modernism's time is multiple, its time flows at different speeds in different situations and geographical regions, then history writing should not confine itself to a single interpretation of the past, present and future.

Moxey further indicates that historians should also respond to the trend of pictorial turn. We are currently living in the era of images, the old approach of using words to define and to frame different art images into varies categories is no longer valid or sufficient. Moxey raises the concept of anachronism to point out that image is a living actor with the capability to incite feelings and to invite interpretations. Therefore, historians should make use of all the possible approaches to try to decipher images, by recognizing heterochrony and anachronism these two distinct characteristics, history writing may better reflects various and multiple artistic forms all over the world.