安東・布魯克納:《D 小調安魂曲》之指揮詮釋與研究

Abstract

安東・布魯克納 (Anton Bruckner, 1824-1896) 為浪漫時期著名的作曲家、管 風琴演奏家。1848 年，為了紀念好友法蘭茲・賽勒 (Franz Seiler) 的離世，布魯 克納創作了《D 小調安魂曲》(Requiem in D minor, WAB 39)，為布魯克納第一部 大型聖樂作品。由於年輕時在聖弗洛里安修道院 (St. Florian Monastery) 接觸許 多前古典時期 (pre-classical) 與古典時期作曲家的作品，耳濡目染之下，布魯克 納早年創作的聖樂作品深受古典時期的音樂風格影響。《D 小調安魂曲》也不例 外，其調性與經文歌詞的選用與莫札特的《安魂曲》有所雷同。《D 小調安魂曲》的樂團編制相當特殊，為法國號一部、長號三部、弦樂五 部與管風琴，而法國號更只出現在其中一個樂章。人聲編制為四位獨唱(女高 音、女低音、男高音、男低音各一位)與混聲四部合唱團，惟布魯克納在《D 小 調安魂曲》中亦使用了男聲四部、混聲五部、無伴奏混聲四部等多種合唱聲部配 置，令整體聲響相當多變。本論文將對於作曲家生平與創作背景進行探究，分析樂曲的曲式架構，並就 所需的指揮技巧與音樂詮釋進行論述，盼能對布魯克納的《D 小調安魂曲》有更 進一步的了解，也希望經由本論文使更多人認識這部作品。Anton Bruckner (1824-1896) is a well-known composer and organist in the Romantic period. In 1848, to commemorate the death of his friend Franz Seiler, Bruckner composed Requiem in D minor, which is Bruckner’s first large-scale sacred music. As he was exposed to the works of many pre-classical and classical composers in St. Florian Monastery, Bruckner’s early sacred music works were deeply influenced by the style of classical period.The orchestration of Requiem in D minor consists of one French horn, three trombones, strings and organ, which is unique. The vocal parts consist of SATB soloist and a mixed four-part choir. In Requiem in D minor, however, Bruckner also used a four-part male chorus, a mixed five-part chorus, and an acapella chorus, which makes the sound very intricate.This thesis will focus on three parts: the background of Requiem in D minor, the analysis of the structure of the musical form, and the conducting interpretation of Requiem in D minor. Through this thesis, the author expects to have an in-depth and comprehensive understanding of Requiem in D minor.