現代漢語動助詞之語義與教學
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2005
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Abstract
本文探討的動助詞有九個「上、下、起、出、開、到、走、掉、住」，主要是依循鄧守信（1977）及陳怡靜（2004）的架構發展而來。鄧（1977）首先提出漢語中的”verb-particles”，以傳統所謂的趨向補語「上、下、起、開」與結果補語「掉、走、住、到」為討論對象，認為這八個是「動助詞」，並指出其核心語義特徵。本文則進一步從語料中，找出與動助詞搭配的動詞的語義特徵，並為動助詞的語義進行次類劃分。同時站在教學的角度，提出教學上的排序與建議。
本文第一章闡明研究之動機與目的，並提出研究之範圍與限制。第二章則針對「動助詞」的功能和語義探討，並重新檢視過去相關的研究，並提出不足之處，作為本文發展的重點。第三章是本文重心，筆者從語料中分析這九個動助詞跟不同動詞搭配時的語義變化，並進行次類劃分。動助詞的語義項雖已虛化，但皆從其基本語義延伸而來。而第四章是從第三章發展而來，探求動詞與動助詞的搭配關係，本文認為動助詞的語義受制於動詞語義。第五章則將三、四兩章的分析落實到教學上，討論「動助詞」在教學上的一些考量因素，並提出「動助詞」的教學排序建議，以及建立教學語法之架構。第六章則對全文做一結論並提出對相關議題之建議。
This thesis intends to analyze and sub-divide nine verb-particles in Modern Chinese. Teng (1977) first pointed out the core meanings of verb-particles and established the framework of verb-particles in Chinese. When “上(shang4)、下(xia4)、起(qi3)、出(chu1)、開(kai1)、到(dao4)、走(zou3)、掉(diao4)、住(zhu4) ” are placed after verbs and their semantics have grammaticalized, they present the force from motion-through-location. Furthermore, as the meanings of verb-particles are varied and indistinct, it is very difficult for learners to distinguish nuances of each one. According to Bolinger (1971), the semantics of a verb-particle derive from the original meanings of the word and are limited by both verbs and objects. After sub-dividing the nine verb-particles, this thesis seeks to establish some principles for the pedagogical grammar of verb-particles in Modern Chinese and suggests some ideas for teaching.
This thesis intends to analyze and sub-divide nine verb-particles in Modern Chinese. Teng (1977) first pointed out the core meanings of verb-particles and established the framework of verb-particles in Chinese. When “上(shang4)、下(xia4)、起(qi3)、出(chu1)、開(kai1)、到(dao4)、走(zou3)、掉(diao4)、住(zhu4) ” are placed after verbs and their semantics have grammaticalized, they present the force from motion-through-location. Furthermore, as the meanings of verb-particles are varied and indistinct, it is very difficult for learners to distinguish nuances of each one. According to Bolinger (1971), the semantics of a verb-particle derive from the original meanings of the word and are limited by both verbs and objects. After sub-dividing the nine verb-particles, this thesis seeks to establish some principles for the pedagogical grammar of verb-particles in Modern Chinese and suggests some ideas for teaching.
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動助詞, 趨向補語, 結果補語, 動詞語義搭配, 動詞後置成分, verb-particles, directional complement, post-verbal components, resultative complement