現代漢語動助詞之語義與教學

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2005

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本文探討的動助詞有九個「上、下、起、出、開、到、走、掉、住」,主要是依循鄧守信(1977)及陳怡靜(2004)的架構發展而來。鄧(1977)首先提出漢語中的”verb-particles”,以傳統所謂的趨向補語「上、下、起、開」與結果補語「掉、走、住、到」為討論對象,認為這八個是「動助詞」,並指出其核心語義特徵。本文則進一步從語料中,找出與動助詞搭配的動詞的語義特徵,並為動助詞的語義進行次類劃分。同時站在教學的角度,提出教學上的排序與建議。 本文第一章闡明研究之動機與目的,並提出研究之範圍與限制。第二章則針對「動助詞」的功能和語義探討,並重新檢視過去相關的研究,並提出不足之處,作為本文發展的重點。第三章是本文重心,筆者從語料中分析這九個動助詞跟不同動詞搭配時的語義變化,並進行次類劃分。動助詞的語義項雖已虛化,但皆從其基本語義延伸而來。而第四章是從第三章發展而來,探求動詞與動助詞的搭配關係,本文認為動助詞的語義受制於動詞語義。第五章則將三、四兩章的分析落實到教學上,討論「動助詞」在教學上的一些考量因素,並提出「動助詞」的教學排序建議,以及建立教學語法之架構。第六章則對全文做一結論並提出對相關議題之建議。
This thesis intends to analyze and sub-divide nine verb-particles in Modern Chinese. Teng (1977) first pointed out the core meanings of verb-particles and established the framework of verb-particles in Chinese. When “上(shang4)、下(xia4)、起(qi3)、出(chu1)、開(kai1)、到(dao4)、走(zou3)、掉(diao4)、住(zhu4) ” are placed after verbs and their semantics have grammaticalized, they present the force from motion-through-location. Furthermore, as the meanings of verb-particles are varied and indistinct, it is very difficult for learners to distinguish nuances of each one. According to Bolinger (1971), the semantics of a verb-particle derive from the original meanings of the word and are limited by both verbs and objects. After sub-dividing the nine verb-particles, this thesis seeks to establish some principles for the pedagogical grammar of verb-particles in Modern Chinese and suggests some ideas for teaching.

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動助詞, 趨向補語, 結果補語, 動詞語義搭配, 動詞後置成分, verb-particles, directional complement, post-verbal components, resultative complement

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