台灣與中國意識在國中歷史教科書中的角逐—以台灣歷史為例
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2011
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Abstract
本文基於台灣歷史在教科書中，從過去依附於中國歷史之下的邊陲地位到今日獨立於中國史之外的主體性發展，以及歷史教育對於一個國家人民「民族想像」的重要性，而展開研究。研究的目的在探究台灣主體意識與大中國意識兩者在國中歷史教科書中的拉距角力關係；探討的面向包括歷史教科書對於兩者意識型態的敘事表現手法，更對報紙媒體與台灣教科書意識型態議題的報導間的對話關係有進一步的討論。
語藝觀點的敘事批評方法所關心的焦點是「故事如何或意圖達到某些語藝功能（如：說服或論辨）」以及如何透過任何敘事內容或形式達到說服的目的。本文以教科書政治以及歷史做為一想像共同體所必要使用的手段為出發點，認為教科書為一有目的且欲說服使用者服膺某思想的印刷產品，故以語藝觀點的敘事批評為主要的研究方法。
透過「敘事忠實性」的檢驗，觀察台灣的歷史背景、政治環境及政策的轉變與社會中發展而出的共同經驗等線索，研究者在分析過程中發現，歷史教科書中的台灣主體意識發展就是台灣社會中台灣主體意識發展的縮影，而媒體對於教科書改革後產生的意識型態爭議也能一反解嚴之前的大中國意識獨霸情況轉為兩造均衡報導的局面，甚至也有偏重台灣意識的報導，顯示台灣主體意識穩定且成熟的發展趨勢。
The thesis is based on the textbook about Taiwan history which was originally attached to Chinese history and then gradually independent of it nowadays. In addition, history education plays an important part in forming “national imagination”, hence the importance of history education attract my attention to start this research. The research wants to investigate the competition between Taiwan and Chinese Consciousness in Junior High School History Textbooks; the dimensions of the research include the narrative methods in representing the two Consciousness in Junior High School Textbook, and it also has a further discussion about the dialogue relationship between the press and its report of ideological issues in the textbooks. The narrative criticism of perspectives in rhetoric is concerned about “the story of how or intends to achieve certain semantic features” and how to persuade through any narrative content or form. The thesis starts from the necessary means of regarding the politics and history in textbooks as imagined communities, and the text thinks that textbooks are treeware with a specific purpose of persuading others to obey some thought, and that’s the reason why the research select the narrative criticism of perspectives in rhetoric as the main approach. Through the examination of “narrative fidelity” and observations in Taiwan historical background, political environment, policy shifts, and the common experiences orientated from social development, the research found that the development of Taiwan Consciousness development in history textbooks is an epitome of that in Taiwan society. Besides, in dealing with the ideological dispute which came from the reform of the textbooks, the mass media turned to adopting balanced reporting rather than obeying the domination of Chinese Consciousness, and some Taiwan-Consciousness emphasized reports may even appear on Taiwan mass media.
The thesis is based on the textbook about Taiwan history which was originally attached to Chinese history and then gradually independent of it nowadays. In addition, history education plays an important part in forming “national imagination”, hence the importance of history education attract my attention to start this research. The research wants to investigate the competition between Taiwan and Chinese Consciousness in Junior High School History Textbooks; the dimensions of the research include the narrative methods in representing the two Consciousness in Junior High School Textbook, and it also has a further discussion about the dialogue relationship between the press and its report of ideological issues in the textbooks. The narrative criticism of perspectives in rhetoric is concerned about “the story of how or intends to achieve certain semantic features” and how to persuade through any narrative content or form. The thesis starts from the necessary means of regarding the politics and history in textbooks as imagined communities, and the text thinks that textbooks are treeware with a specific purpose of persuading others to obey some thought, and that’s the reason why the research select the narrative criticism of perspectives in rhetoric as the main approach. Through the examination of “narrative fidelity” and observations in Taiwan historical background, political environment, policy shifts, and the common experiences orientated from social development, the research found that the development of Taiwan Consciousness development in history textbooks is an epitome of that in Taiwan society. Besides, in dealing with the ideological dispute which came from the reform of the textbooks, the mass media turned to adopting balanced reporting rather than obeying the domination of Chinese Consciousness, and some Taiwan-Consciousness emphasized reports may even appear on Taiwan mass media.
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台灣主體意識, 大中國意識, 語藝批評, 敘事批評, 歷史教科書, Taiwan Consciousness, Chinese Consciousness, Rhetorical criticism, Narrative criticism, History Textbooks