孟德爾頌：清唱劇《詩篇四十二：如鹿渴慕清泉》 之指揮詮釋與研究

Abstract

孟德爾頌(Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, 1809-1947)之清唱劇《詩篇四十二：如鹿渴慕清泉》(Der 42. Psalm“Wie der Hirsch schreit”, Op.42)為作曲家本人特別鍾愛的宗教作品，編制為女高音獨唱、混聲四部合唱團及管弦樂團。作品中巧妙地安排獨唱者與不同的合唱型式互相搭配，在嚴謹的架構下呈現豐富的聲響變化，並透過歌詞與音樂的結合充分表現出對信仰的堅定信心；曲長僅三十分鐘，但於其中呈現多種不同的樂曲型態，值得合唱指揮者認識與研究。 本論文以管弦樂團演奏版本對全曲進行分析與研究。筆者透過作曲家介紹，了解孟德爾頌的生平及聖樂作品；並從資料蒐集、研究，了解孟德爾頌詩篇作品的特色以及《詩篇四十二：如鹿渴慕清泉》相關背景；以樂曲概析闡述作品的樂曲編制並作理論分析；經由指揮技巧與詮釋，討論合唱團及樂團音樂處理；並提出排練分法以及實際展演中所遭遇困難的解決辦法，將上述研究內容於本文中作呈現。Felix Mendelssohn-Bartholdy’s (1809-1947) cantata Der 42. Psalm “Wie der Hirsch schreit,” Op. 42 was one of the composer’s most cherished religious compositions. The cantata is composed for a female soprano soloist, a mixed choir containing four voice parts (soprano, alto, tenor, and bass), and an orchestra. The composition skillfully arranges the pairing of the soloist and differing choral types, displays an abundant range of vocal and sound-based changes within a rigid musical framework, and employs the integration of the psalm’s lyrics and music to comprehensively express steadfast faith in religious beliefs. The piece is only 30 minutes in length but exhibits a multitude of varying musical and compositional patterns. Consequently, the cantata warrants the attention and research of choral conductors. This thesis adopts the orchestral version of Der 42. Psalm “Wie der Hirsch schreit” to analyze and research the complete composition. The author employs an introduction to Mendelssohn to understand the composer’s life and sacred musical works. Moreover, based on data collection and research, the author interprets the characteristics of Mendelssohn’s psalms and the background relevant to Der 42. Psalm “Wie der Hirsch schreit,” and uses a summary of the piece to examine its composition and conduct a theoretical analysis. The author further discusses the management and organization of the choral and orchestral music in the piece based on conducting techniques and interpretations. Finally, this study proposes rehearsal methods and solutions regarding difficulties encountered during the performance of the psalm. In this way, the research content discussed above is fully presented within the thesis.