國語和閩南語塞音的發音與聽辨
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2013
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Abstract
本研究主要探討國語和台語的發音和辨音，比較只以國語為母語的人與國台語皆流利的人的差異。在發音和辨音實驗中，檢視母語者影響、語言影響、及子音影響。本研究有兩個實驗，一是發音實驗，在此實驗中兩組受試者發出國語塞音，國台語流利的受試者發出台語塞音，我們將這些塞音放在句尾。第二部份是辨音實驗，在此實驗中兩組受試者分辨國語塞音是否送氣，國台語流利的受試者只聽辨台語塞音。他們所聽的這些音都是由發音實驗中所錄下的音，再經過嗓音起始時間(VOT)的加長或縮短所產生的測試音。
實驗結果發現兩個實驗當中，母語者影響和語言影響都不顯著。然而在國語發音實驗的不送氣子音中和辨音實驗的子音中影響卻是顯著的，這個發現指出發音位置的確對VOT造成影響，也顯示VOT可能是一個程度性的發音特徵，存在人腦詞彙中。本研究也提供了辨音理論上的應用。
The present study aims to investigate the production and perception of aspirated and unaspirated stops in Taiwan Mandarin(TM) and Taiwan Southern Min(TSM) by monolingual and bilingual speakers. In both production and perception experiments, the effect of speaker, the effect of language, and the effect of consonant are examined. This study contains two experiments. The first is the production experiment in which the monolingual speakers and bilingual speakers produced TM stop consonants placed in the onset of a word in the sentence final position, and the bilingual speakers produced TSM stop consonants also placed in the same position. The second is the perception experiment. The stop consonants recorded in the production experiment are manipulated by cutting or prolonging the voice onset time(VOT) to form the perceptionstimuli. Two groups of speakers perceived TM stop consonants and bilinguals perceived TSM stop consonants placed in the same position just as the production study. They were asked to judge whether the target word was aspirated or unaspirated. The results of the two experiments show that the effect of speaker and the effect of language are both insignificant. However, the effect of consonant is significant in TM unaspirated stop production, and TM perception. This indicates that the place of articulation has an influence on the VOT values: velar stops generally have longer VOTs than bilabial and dental stops. These findings suggest that VOT is a scalar feature underspecified in the lexicon. They also provide implications on categorical perception, exemplar theory, and motor theory.
The present study aims to investigate the production and perception of aspirated and unaspirated stops in Taiwan Mandarin(TM) and Taiwan Southern Min(TSM) by monolingual and bilingual speakers. In both production and perception experiments, the effect of speaker, the effect of language, and the effect of consonant are examined. This study contains two experiments. The first is the production experiment in which the monolingual speakers and bilingual speakers produced TM stop consonants placed in the onset of a word in the sentence final position, and the bilingual speakers produced TSM stop consonants also placed in the same position. The second is the perception experiment. The stop consonants recorded in the production experiment are manipulated by cutting or prolonging the voice onset time(VOT) to form the perceptionstimuli. Two groups of speakers perceived TM stop consonants and bilinguals perceived TSM stop consonants placed in the same position just as the production study. They were asked to judge whether the target word was aspirated or unaspirated. The results of the two experiments show that the effect of speaker and the effect of language are both insignificant. However, the effect of consonant is significant in TM unaspirated stop production, and TM perception. This indicates that the place of articulation has an influence on the VOT values: velar stops generally have longer VOTs than bilabial and dental stops. These findings suggest that VOT is a scalar feature underspecified in the lexicon. They also provide implications on categorical perception, exemplar theory, and motor theory.
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嗓音起始時間, 台灣閩南語, 台灣國語, 送氣對比, 子音感知, 子音發音, voice onset time, Taiwan Southern Min, Taiwan Mandarin, voicing contrast, consonant perception, consonant production