巴比松的藝術觀光
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2025
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巴比松小鎮(Barbizon)位於巴黎東南方約五十公里近郊、楓丹白露森林(Forêt de Fontainebleau)邊境，因豐富的自然景色與鄉村風光，19世紀時吸引了盧梭(Théodore Rousseau)、柯洛(Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot)、多比尼(Charles-François Daubigny)和米勒(Jean-François Millet)等多位畫家前來造訪、創作及定居，「巴比松畫派(École de Barbizon)」正是因地點而得其名。此小鎮不僅孕育出多位具代表性的風景畫派畫家，也因巴比松派作品中動人的田野風光，吸引各地藝術家透過寫生的創作方式觀察光影變化與描繪自然景致，為日後印象派(Impressionism)的誕生鋪路。巴比松又被稱為畫家村(Village des Peintres)，巴比松不只因自然畫派聞名，同時作為印象派運動的啟發地，它也被列入「2020年印象派之旅(Impressionist adventures) 諾曼第和巴黎大區指南」中。在歷經近二百年的歲月後，巴比松成為了藝術愛好者的觀光目的地之一，除了米勒與盧梭二位畫家的故居工作室外，當時畫家們暫居的旅館(Auberge Ganne) 也規劃成巴比松畫家博物館供遊客參觀。本研究以文獻分析法、田野觀察法及深度訪談法進行探究，分為三個面向，先從藝術史的角度切入，透過歷史文獻爬梳巴比松藝術觀光景點建構的發展過程；再以巴比松及其周邊環境為研究對象，從觀光文宣、導覽手冊、旅遊網站取得資源，並以田野觀察的方式分析巴比松的觀光現況，包含觀光路線、畫家故居、博物館、地景等；最後，經由質性訪談法了解並探討觀光客的凝視與旅遊實踐。
This study investigates the development of art-related tourism in Barbizon, a village on the edge of the Fontainebleau Forest that became a haven for landscape painters in the 19th century. The influx of artists such as Théodore Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, and Jean-François Millet gave rise to the renowned"Barbizon School," which significantly influenced the Impressionist movement. This research examines how Barbizon's artistic legacy has been mobilized to attract tourists and shape the village's identity. Employing a multi-faceted methodology, this study incorporates archival analysis to trace the historical evolution of art-related attractions in Barbizon, including artists' studios, museums, and the surrounding landscape. Furthermore, fieldwork observations and analysis of tourism brochures,guidebooks, and websites assess contemporary tourist practices and representations of the village. Finally, qualitative interviews with tourists explore their motivations for visiting Barbizon, their experiences in the village, and their perceptions of its artistic heritage. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of art tourism development by examining the interplay between artistic legacies, place identity, and tourist experiences.
This study investigates the development of art-related tourism in Barbizon, a village on the edge of the Fontainebleau Forest that became a haven for landscape painters in the 19th century. The influx of artists such as Théodore Rousseau, Jean-Baptiste Camille Corot, and Jean-François Millet gave rise to the renowned"Barbizon School," which significantly influenced the Impressionist movement. This research examines how Barbizon's artistic legacy has been mobilized to attract tourists and shape the village's identity. Employing a multi-faceted methodology, this study incorporates archival analysis to trace the historical evolution of art-related attractions in Barbizon, including artists' studios, museums, and the surrounding landscape. Furthermore, fieldwork observations and analysis of tourism brochures,guidebooks, and websites assess contemporary tourist practices and representations of the village. Finally, qualitative interviews with tourists explore their motivations for visiting Barbizon, their experiences in the village, and their perceptions of its artistic heritage. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of art tourism development by examining the interplay between artistic legacies, place identity, and tourist experiences.
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巴比松, 藝術觀光, 故居觀光, 觀光客的凝視, 景點建構, 旅遊實踐, Barbizon, art tourism, former residence tourism, tourist gaze, destination-making, tourist practices