成人健檢者的營養認知、態度、飲食行為之相關研究-以北部某健檢中心為例

Abstract

本研究為瞭解成年健檢者個人背景變項（性別、年齡、教育程度、年收入、BMI）、營養認知、態度、飲食行為之現況，並探討個人背景變項與營養認知、態度、飲食行為之相關，與分析營養認知、態度和飲食行為三者的關係。最後探討個人背景變項、營養認知、態度對其飲食行為之間的預測性。本研究對象是以北部某診所健診中心之健檢者，共計發放問卷300份，回收有效問卷290份，所得的資料以描敘性統計、單因子變異數分析、斯皮爾曼等級相關分析、複迴歸分析分析後。本研究結果為:一、健檢者的營養認知在食物之營養素部分較佳，而均衡飲食認知則較差；營養態度在均衡營養部分較佳，而情緒性進食態度則較差；飲食行為在食物攝取頻率及份量較佳，而進食技巧則較差。二、健檢者的個人背景變項以年收入與飲食行為具有顯著性差異。三、營養態度與飲食行為有顯著相關。四、健檢者的個人背景變項、營養認知、營養態度能有效地預測其飲食行為，並可解釋其總變異量的16.6%。其中以年齡、年收入、營養態度為主要預測變項，且以營養態度的解釋力最大。結果顯示，健檢者年齡越大者、年收入越高者、營養態度越正向者，其飲食行為越佳。A procedure is to explore the the current status of personal background variables (gender, age, education level, annual income, BMI), nutritional cognition, attitudes, and dietary behaviors of adult health examiners, and to explore the relationship between personal background variables and nutritional cognition, attitudes, and dietary behaviors, and to explore relationship among nutritional cognition, attitudes and dietary behaviors. Finally, the predictability of personal background variables, nutritional cognition, and attitudes to their dietary behaviors was discussed. The subjects of this study were adult health examiners at a physical examination center in Taipei. A total of 300 questionnaires were distributed and 290 valid questionnaires were recovered. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, One-Way ANOVA, spearman rank correlation and multiple regression analysis. The results of the study are: 1. The nutritional cognition of adult health examiners is better in the nutrient part of food, but the cognition of balanced diet is poor; the nutritional attitude is better in the part of balanced nutrition, but the attitude towards emotional eating is poor; dietary behavior is in the frequency of food intake and portion sizes were better, while eating skills were poor. 2. The personal background variables of adult health examiners are significantly different in terms of annual income and dietary behaviors. 3. Nutritional attitudes are significantly correlated with dietary behaviors. 4. Personal background variables, nutritional cognition and nutritional attitudes of health examiners can effectively predict their dietary behaviors, and can explain 16.6% of the total variance. Age, annual income and nutritional attitude were the main predictors, and nutritional attitude had the greatest explanatory power. Therefore, the older the health examiners, the higher the annual income, the more positive the nutritional attitude, the better the dietary behavior.