阻力運動訓練對交叉轉移訓練效應之影響

Abstract

背景：交叉轉移效應 (cross-transferred effect, CTE) 為單側肌群訓練後，能使未訓練肌群產生影響。過去有相關文獻提及，僅做離心運動，更能促進交叉轉移效應，但向心阻力訓練對於交叉轉移效應尚不清楚，也無文獻曾探討CTE對本體感覺的影響。目的：第1個目的探討向心阻力訓練產生交叉轉移效應之特殊的影響；第2個目的探討無接受阻力訓練的控制組於6週阻力訓練前及後，僅接受依變項測驗 (特別是肌力測驗)，是否會因此而產生學習效果或訓練效果之假設。方法：本研究招募18位研究對象，並以隨機分配方式分派至向心訓練組 (concentric training, CT) 與控制組 (control, CON) (9人/組) 之中。CT組訓練6週 (2次/週；強度: 1-wk: 30-40% 1RM ～ 6-wk: 100% 1RM)，而CON組則不進行任何介入訓練。6週訓練前、訓練第2和4週及訓練後第4天，分別進行依變項定期檢測：一次重複最大肌力測驗 (1RM)、最大自主等長收縮 (MVIC) 與表層肌電訊號 (RMS EMG)、神經肌肉效率 (NME)、雙側下肢腿圍、膝伸肌群肌肉厚度、關節位置覺、關節釋放反應角度。結果：訓練組訓練側在腿圍、肌肉厚度、1RM、MVIC之結果後側顯著優於前測 (p< .05)；未訓練側結果皆未達顯著 (p > .05)；控制組則除了肌肉厚度及表層肌電訊號外，其餘指標皆後側優於前測 (p < .05)。所有測驗指標中，除肌肉厚度訓練組訓練側變化率顯著優於未訓練側外，其餘指標各組間皆無顯著差異。結論：6週向心阻力訓練之後，會使訓練側產生明顯的訓練效果，且不影響其本體感覺，也不會使未訓練側產生明顯的交叉轉移效應，而不接受阻力訓練的控制組，進行定期依變項測驗時，會因此產生明顯的學習的效果。Background: The cross-transferred effect (CTE) is the effect of training a unilateral muscle group on an untrained muscle group. In the past, it has been suggested that eccentric- exercise promotes the greater extent of cross-transferred effect than concentric exercise, but the cross-transferred effect produced by concentric resistance training is currently unknown. Moreover, no previous studies have investigated the effect of CTE on changes in proprioception measures. Purpose: The first aim of the present study investigated the specific impact of concentric resistance training on CTE. The second aim of the present study investigated whether regular testing before and after six weeks of training in the control group would be produced training or learning effects. Methods: Eighteen health men were recruited in the study, and then were randomly assigned into a concentric training group (CT) and a control group (control, CON; n=9/group). CT group trained for 6 weeks (2 times/week; intensity: 1-wk: 30-40% 1RM to 6wk: 100% 1RM), while the CON group did not undergo any intervention training. Before 6 weeks of training, on the 2nd and 4th weeks of training, and on 4 days after training, regular testing of dependent variables of one repetition maximum concentric strength test (1RM), maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and surface electromyography signal (RMS EMG), neuromuscular efficiency (NME), bilateral lower limb circumference (CIR), knee flexor muscle thickness (MT), joint position sense (PS), joint reaction angle (JRA) were taken. Results: In the training group, CIR, MT, 1RM, and MVIC on the trained side significantly improved compared to pre-test values (p< .05). On the untrained side, all results were not significant (p > .05). In the control group, all indicators except muscle thickness and surface electromyography were significantly improved on post-test (p < .05). Among all measured variables, only the rate of change in muscle thickness on the trained side of the training group was significantly greater than those on the untrained side of the training group (p < .05); no other between-group differences reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Six weeks of concentric resistance training produced significant strength gains on the trained side without affecting proprioception and inducing a notable cross-transfer effect on the untrained side. In contrast, the control group, despite not undergoing resistance training, exhibited a significant learning effect through regular testing of dependent variables.