蕭麗紅小說的民俗書寫

Abstract

在七、八Ο年代交替之際，女性作家的作品漸漸獨佔整個文壇，其小說內容多半著墨於男女情愛和婚姻為題的「閨秀文學」亦稱為「女性文學」。為了重新審視女作家們的作品，並賦予她們一個客觀的文學地位，筆者從這群女作家中選定頗具代表性的蕭麗紅作為研究對象，蕭麗紅的小說中大量使用台語方言、俚語、俗諺、歇後語與歌謠，呈現「台語小說」的特質。尤其作品中流露有濃厚的懷舊情懷，並經常可見故鄉布袋的身影，在濃濃的原鄉記憶下，她藉著有關鄉土民俗的描繪，以及方言書寫的方式，重現了台灣道地的鄉土情傃。在《桂花巷》、《千江有水千江月》中，回溯早期人們對家鄉的認同感，透露出蕭麗紅對鄉土的深情眷戀，在《白水湖春夢》中，企圖引發讀者省思鄉土的概念及建構一己的心靈家園的心意。是家鄉給與她的鄉土養分，引發她探究童年的原鄉回憶。作品中的鄉土風情，鮮活傳神的台語謠諺、精準典雅的遣詞用字，更是其語言特色。豐沛的民俗題材，如生命禮俗、神鬼崇拜、民間俗信、民間智慧的流露、民間故事的妝點，加上民謠與戲曲的運用，營造小說新鮮的閱讀感。人物言說的是鄉土俗諺，實踐的是民間信仰，呈現其人物精神生活文化模式。 本論文共分五章，第一章緒論。在說明研究動機與目的、研究範圍與資源、前人的研究成果、研究方法及研究架構等。第二章常民文化特色。細分四節來介紹民俗節令、民俗生活、消失行業、兒時童玩、歲時節氣。第三章鄉土俗諺分析。分為五類說明，有（1）相術命理方面（2）做人處事方面（3）家庭規訓方面（4）生活哲理方面（5）批評時人方面。第四章是四句聯、童謠、歌謠與戲曲。細分四節來分析文本中的情節與四句聯、童謠、歌謠與戲曲的關係。第五章為結論。總論各章各節，總結蕭麗紅小說風格特色，利用流傳於民間的各種習俗，反映出人民的生活百態。In the transition from the seventies to the eighties， female writers gradually monopolized the entire literary works. “Elegance literature” novel contents focusing on love between men and women and marriage are also referred as “women’s literature”. In order to re-examine female writers’ works and have them being offered with an objective literary status， the author has selected the representative XIAO LI-HONG as the research target among the female writers. Massive Taiwanese dialect， slang， proverb， tag line and song were being used in XIAO LI-HONG novel， showing the characteristics of “Taiwanese Novel”. Especially， strong feeling of nostalgia is being observed in the works， allowing hometown， Bu-Dai， to be revealed frequently. Using the relevant description of local customs and dialect way of writing， she has been able to unleash the authentic native of Taiwan in her deep memory of original hometown. In the “Osmanthus Alley” and “Qian Jiang You Shui Qian Jiang Yue” (Thousand Rivers and Moon)， early hometown identification has been recalled to reveal XIAO LI-HONG’s deep nostalgic feeling towards her homeland. Concept of reader homeland self-reflection and intention of constructing one’s spiritual homeland are intended to be triggered in the “White Lake Spring Dream”. Hometown provides her energy， triggering her incentive to explore childhood memory of hometown. The local customs of work， fresh and vivid Taiwan saying and elegant precision drafting are the typical characteristics of the language. Rich folk themes such as etiquette of life， worship of gods and ghosts， folk customs， revealing of folk wisdom， folk stories， along with the usage of folk songs and opera could create fresh sense of novel reading. What people speak is the local proverb， what being practiced is the folk belief， showing one’s spiritual living culture. This paper is divided into four chapters， the first chapter， introduction， describes the motivation and purpose of study， scope and resource of study， previous research result， research method and structure， etc.. The second chapter describes the cultural characteristics of ordinary people. It could be broken down into four sections to introduce seasonal customs， folk life， disappearing industry， childhood toys and annual customs. Chapter three describes the analysis of local proverb， which could be separated into five categories: (1) numerology， (2) ways of doing in life， (3) family disciplinary， (4) philosophical life and (5) criticism. Chapter four is related to four-sentence rhyme， nursery rhyme， song and opera. It is divided into four sections to analyze the relationship of text plot with four-sentence rhyme， nursery rhyme， song and opera. Chapter five is the conclusion， which summarizes all chapters and sections to conclude XIAO LI-HONG style novel characteristics， and use various folk customs to reflect attitudes of people’s lives.