國小ADHD學生人際關係與恆毅力相關研究──以執行功能為中介變項

Abstract

本研究主要在探究國小ADHD學生和一般生的的執行功能、人際關係與恆毅力間的關係，以及執行功能作為中介變項的效果。以便利取樣，抽取雙北地區國小四到六年級16名ADHD學生，及33名一般學生。採測驗法及問卷調查法，研究工具為「中文版執行功能作業」、「國小學童同儕適應量表」及「中文版國小學童恆毅力量表」。再將所得資料進行描述性統計、差異檢定、相關分析與中介效果檢驗。主要結果如下：ADHD學生在執行功能中的「抑制能力」表現顯著低於一般生、在「計畫及問題解決能力」臨界顯著低於一般生；在人際關係中的「正向關係」顯著低於一般生；在恆毅力中的「興趣穩定性」臨界顯著低於一般生。抑制和計畫及問題解決能力在學生類別與人際關係和恆毅力之間皆無顯著中介效果。最後，依據研究結果做進一步討論，並提出在教學實務及未來相關研究之建議。

This research mainly explored the relationship between the executive function, interpersonal relationship and grit of elementary school ADHD students and normal students, and the mediating effect of executive function as a mediator variable. This research adopted convenience sampling, and selected 16 ADHD students and 33 normal students from grades 4 to 6 in elementary schools in Taipei City and New Taipei City. A test method and rating scale method were used. The research tools were “Chinese Version of Executive Function Task,” “Peer Adaptation Scale of Elementary School Children” and “Traditional Chinese version of Grit Scale.” The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent-sample t-test, Pearson correlation and mediation analysis.The main results are as follows: ADHD students’ performance of “inhibition ability” in executive function was significantly lower than that of normal students, and “planning and problem-solving ability” was borderline significantly lower than that of normal students, the “positive relationship” in interpersonal relationship was significantly lower than that of normal students, the “consistency of interest” in grit was borderline significantly lower than that of normal students. “Inhibition” and “planning and problem solving” had no significant mediating effects between different student categories and interpersonal relationships, and neither did grit.Based on the research results, this study also provideded futher suggestions for teaching practice and future research.