運用健康信念模式探討衛生保健志工及專業人員的糞便潛血檢查行為之可能性及其相關因素

Abstract

目的：台灣地區大腸直腸癌發生率隨之增加，且為發生人數增加最多 之癌症，本研究採用健康信念模式為理論基礎，探討其各信念與癌症防治工作人員採取糞便潛血檢查行為之關係及其他相關因素。方法：採立意取樣，以衛生保健志工及衛生保健專業人員為對象，介於50-74歲之間，以結構式問卷為研究工具，共發出420份，得有效問卷401份(95.48%)。結果：衛生保健專業人員在大腸直腸癌篩檢知識、自覺罹患性、自覺行動利益及採取糞便潛血檢查行為可能性之得分顯著高於衛生保健志工；複迴歸分析顯示，自覺行動利益、自我效能為採取糞便潛血檢查行為可能性之顯著預測因子，在解釋變異量上，衛生保健志工為48%，衛生保健專業人員為43%。結論：健康信念模式相當適合用於採取糞便潛血檢查行為可能性，特別是自覺行動利益、自我效能，對於衛生保健志工與衛生保健專業人員接受糞便潛血檢查行為之可能性具顯著影響力，建議未來教育介入針對自覺行動利益與自我效能等兩個重要因子進行改善。Aim: The incidence rate of colorectal cancer is sharply increasing in Taiwan and it showed that promoting colorectal cancer screening service is critical. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT), one colorectal cancer screening, is advocated by the govermant as the compaign of colorectal cancer screening. The aim in the study was to apply Health Belief Model (HBM) to explore the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT among health volunteers and professionals. Method:401 from a total of 420 participants successfully completed questionnaires measuring demographic characteristics, variables related to HBM and likelihood of undergoing a FOBT. The valid responsive rate was 95.48%. Multiple regression analyses were used to explore the relationships between the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT and variables related to HBM across two different groups included health volunteers and professionals. Results:The HBM model fit the data well and successfully explained substantial variance in the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT in the two groups of health volunteers and professionals. Among all participants, perceived benefits and self-efficacy were the significant predictors to the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT, accounting for 47% of the variance. Among the group of health volunteers, perceived benefits and self-efficacy were the significant predictors to the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT, accounting for 48% of the variance. Among the group of health profesionals, perceived benefits and self-efficacy were the significant predictors to the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT, accounting for 43% of the variance. Conclusion:We suggest that perceived benefits and self-efficacy play a critical role in predicting the likelihood of undergoing a FOBT among all participants. Based on the interpretation of the results, this study recommended responsive interventions to improve the effectiveness of the FOBT campaign.